The question asks to identify the revolt that significantly impacted British administration in India, leading to its reorganization. This requires knowledge of major historical events and their consequences during British rule.
C) 1857 — The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independence, was a watershed moment in Indian history. It severely shook the foundations of British rule, leading to the end of the East India Company's rule and the direct assumption of governance by the British Crown. This necessitated a complete reorganization of the administration, army, and policies in India.
The question asks for the specific year when the governance of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. This is a direct historical fact related to major administrative changes in British India.
Correct Option: A) 1858
The Government of India Act of 1858 was passed by the British Parliament, which officially transferred the powers of governance from the East India Company to the British Crown. This act was a direct consequence of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The question asks to identify the founders of the "Hind Mazdoor Sabha" (HMS) established in 1948. This requires knowledge of the history of labor movements and organizations in India, specifically the key figures associated with the formation of HMS.
Correct Option: D) Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujam and G.G. Mehta
The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) was founded in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1948 by socialists, Forward Bloc followers, and independent trade unionists. Prominent among its founders were Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujam, and G.G. Mehta. It was formed after the split in the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) and aimed to provide an alternative to the existing trade union federations.
The question asks to identify the specific position within the British administration that was a member of the British Cabinet and responsible to Parliament. This requires knowledge of the administrative structure of British India, particularly the role of the individual responsible for Indian affairs in the British government.
D) Secretary. The Secretary of State for India was the cabinet minister in the British government responsible for India and was accountable to the British Parliament. This position was established by the Government of India Act 1858.
The question asks to identify the specific body that was established to advise the Secretary of State for India, with the Secretary of State having the power to overrule its decisions. This refers to a key administrative structure introduced during British rule in India.
B) India Council — The India Council was established by the Government of India Act 1858 to assist and advise the Secretary of State for India. The Secretary of State had the power to overrule its decisions, making this the correct answer.
The question asks for the specific year by which the Council of India was completely subordinated to the Secretary of State for India. This requires knowledge of the constitutional developments during British rule in India, particularly the Acts that altered the powers and relationship between these two bodies.
C) 1869. The Indian Councils Act of 1869 significantly curtailed the powers of the Council of India, making it largely advisory and completely subordinate to the Secretary of State for India.