The question asks to identify the period referred to as the "Nehru years." This requires knowledge of Indian political history, specifically the tenure of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.
Correct Option: A) 1947-1964
The question asks about the percentage of total outlay allocated to agriculture and irrigation during India's First Five-Year Plan. To answer this, one needs to recall the key priorities and budgetary allocations of the First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956).
C) 31 — The First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) prioritized agriculture and irrigation, allocating approximately 31% of its total outlay to these sectors. This focus was essential for addressing food shortages and laying the foundation for industrial development.
The question asks to identify the irrigation device known as 'Araghatta'. This requires knowledge of ancient Indian irrigation techniques and their descriptions.
Correct Option: B) A large wheel with earthen pots tied to the outer ends of its spokes
The question asks to identify which of the given options were referred to as "temples of modern India" by Jawaharlal Nehru. This phrase symbolizes Nehru's vision for India's post-independence development, emphasizing scientific and industrial progress.
D) All the above — Jawaharlal Nehru used the phrase "temples of modern India" to refer to major development projects and institutions that he believed would lay the foundation for a modern, self-reliant India. This included large dams, steel plants, power projects, industrial units like fertilizer plants, scientific research laboratories, and agricultural universities. These were seen as crucial for economic growth, technological advancement, and improving the lives of the Indian people.
The question asks for the full form of IADP in the context of agriculture. This requires knowledge of historical agricultural programs in India.
Correct Option: B) Intensive Agricultural Districts Programme
The Intensive Agricultural Districts Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960-61 in India. It was a groundbreaking initiative aimed at increasing agricultural productivity by concentrating resources and efforts in a few selected districts with high agricultural potential. The program provided a comprehensive package of inputs and services, including improved seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, credit, and technical guidance, to farmers. It is often considered a precursor to the Green Revolution in India.
The question asks to identify the author of a specific quote regarding the Green Revolution and Jawaharlal Nehru's role in laying the foundations for technological development in India. This requires knowledge of prominent economists or historians who have commented on India's economic and agricultural history.
A) G.S.Bhalla — G.S. Bhalla was a distinguished Indian agricultural economist known for his extensive research and writings on India's agricultural development, including the Green Revolution. The quote reflects his analytical perspective on the historical trajectory of agricultural technology in India, acknowledging Nehru's foundational role despite the Green Revolution occurring later.