The question asks about the average annual growth rate of agricultural output in India between 1949 and 1965, a period during which the country still faced food shortages. This requires knowledge of India's economic history, specifically agricultural performance in the post-independence era leading up to the Green Revolution.
Correct Option: C) 3
The question asks about the meaning of the term 'Araghatta' in the economic history of medieval India. To answer this, one needs to recall specific terms related to medieval Indian technology and agriculture.
C) Waterwheel used in the irrigation of Land. The term 'Araghatta' (also spelled 'Araghat' or 'Arhat') specifically refers to a water-lifting device, often a waterwheel or Persian wheel, that was widely used in medieval India for irrigation purposes. This technology significantly aided agricultural productivity by facilitating the drawing of water from wells or rivers to fields.
The question asks about the population growth rate in India after independence, comparing it to the rate in the previous half-century. This is a factual question related to India's demographic history.
Correct Option: D) 2.2 — After independence, India experienced a significant demographic shift. Improvements in healthcare and reduced mortality rates led to a substantial increase in the population growth rate, which rose to approximately 2.2% per annum from about 1% in the preceding half-century. This period is often referred to as the "population explosion" phase in India.
This question asks to evaluate two statements related to India's economic history, specifically regarding food prices and imports in the mid-fifties. We need to determine the truthfulness of each statement and the relationship between them.
A) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true. Statement 2 relates to Statement 1.
Both statements are historically correct, and the second statement directly explains a policy response to the situation described in the first statement.
The question asks to identify the specific scheme under which India imported food from the US starting in 1956. This requires knowledge of historical agreements between India and the US related to food aid.
B) PL-480 — The Public Law 480 (PL-480) program, officially known as the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, was a US federal law that allowed the US to sell agricultural commodities to friendly countries, including India, on concessional terms or as grants. India heavily relied on food imports under PL-480, especially during the 1960s, to combat food scarcity. The agreements for these imports started in 1956.
The question asks about the quantity of food grains imported under the PL-480 scheme. This requires knowledge of historical economic policies and specific figures related to India's food imports during a particular period.
C) 3 million tonnes. India imported approximately 3 million tonnes of food grains annually under the PL-480 scheme during critical periods of food scarcity.