Directions for the following 7 (seven) items:
Read the following seven passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.
Passage - 1
We have hard work ahead. There is no resting for any of us till we redeem our pledge in full, till we make all the people of India what destiny intends them to be. We are citizens of a great country, on the verge of bold advance, and we have to live up to that high standard. All of us, to whatever religion we may belong, are equally the children of India with equal rights, privileges and obligations. We cannot encourage communalism or narrow mindedness, for no nation can be great whose people are narrow in thought or action.
The challenge the author of the above passage throws to the public is to achieve
a high standard of living, progress and privileges
equal privileges, fulfilment of destiny and political tolerance
Spirit of adventure and economic parity
Hard work, brotherhood and national unity
The question asks to identify the challenge the author throws to the public based on the provided passage. We need to carefully read the passage and extract the key themes and calls to action mentioned by the author.
D) Hard work, brotherhood and national unity. This option accurately reflects the key challenges and aspirations presented in the passage: the need for "hard work ahead," the emphasis on all citizens being "equally the children of India" (implying brotherhood), and the explicit rejection of "communalism or narrow mindedness" for the nation to be "great" (which signifies national unity).
Passage - 2
" The individual, according to Rousseau, puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the General Will and in our corporate capacity we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole."
In the light of the above passage, the nature of General Will is best described as
the sum total of the private wills of the individuals
what is articulated by the elected representatives of the individuals
the collective good as distinct from private wills of the individuals
the material interests of the community
The question asks to identify the best description of Rousseau's General Will based on the provided passage. The passage states that individuals put their person and power under the supreme direction of the General Will, and in a corporate capacity, each member is received as an indivisible part of the whole. This implies a collective, unified purpose distinct from individual desires.
C) the collective good as distinct from private wills of the individuals
This option accurately reflects Rousseau's concept of the General Will. It is not merely the sum of individual desires but a higher, collective good that aims for the common interest of the community. The passage highlights that individuals surrender their private interests to this collective direction, becoming an "indivisible part of the whole."
Passage - 3
In a democratic State, where a high degree of political maturity of the people obtains, the conflict between the will of the sovereign law making body and the organized will of the people seldom occurs.
What does the above passage imply?
In a democracy, force is the main phenomenon in the actual exercise of sovereignty.
In a mature democracy, force to a great extent is the main phenomenon in the actual exercise of sovereignty.
In a mature democracy, use of force is irrelevant in the actual exercise of sovereignty.
In a mature democracy, force is narrowed down to a marginal phenomenon in the actual exercise of sovereignty.
The passage discusses the relationship between the will of the law-making body and the organized will of the people in a democratic state with a high degree of political maturity. It states that conflict between these two seldom occurs. We need to infer what this implies about the role of 'force' in such a democracy.
D) In a mature democracy, force is narrowed down to a marginal phenomenon in the actual exercise of sovereignty. This option aligns perfectly with the passage. If conflict "seldom occurs" due to political maturity, it means the government doesn't often need to resort to force to implement its will. Force becomes a last resort, a marginal phenomenon, rather than a primary tool.
Passage - 4
A successful democracy depends upon widespread interest and participation in politics, in which voting is an essential part. To deliberately refrain from taking such an interest, and from voting, is a kind of implied anarchy; it is to refuse one's political responsibility while enjoying the benefits of a free political society.
This passage relates to
duty to vote
right to vote
freedom to vote
right to participate in politics
The passage emphasizes that widespread interest and participation in politics, particularly voting, are essential for a successful democracy. It states that refraining from this interest and voting is a "kind of implied anarchy" and a refusal of "one's political responsibility." This language strongly suggests an obligation or moral imperative.
A) duty to vote — The passage explicitly states that refraining from voting is a refusal of "one's political responsibility." This directly implies that voting is a duty or an obligation that citizens have towards their democracy. The strong negative framing of non-participation ("implied anarchy") further reinforces this idea of a civic duty.
Passage - 5
In a free country, the man who reaches the position of leader is usually one of outstanding character and ability. Moreover, it is usually possible to foresee that he will reach such a position, since early in life one can see his qualities of character. But this is not always true in the case of a dictator; often he reaches his position of power through chance, very often through the unhappy state of his country.
The passage seems to suggest that
a leader foresees his future position
a leader is chosen only by a free country
a leader must see that his country is free from despair
despair in a country sometimes leads to dictatorship
The question asks us to identify what the provided passage suggests. We need to read the passage carefully and infer the main point or a direct implication from the text, especially concerning the contrast between a leader in a free country and a dictator.
Correct Option: D) despair in a country sometimes leads to dictatorship
This option is a direct inference from the passage's statement that a dictator often reaches power "through the unhappy state of his country." The phrase "unhappy state" can be understood as a state of despair, and "often" implies "sometimes leads to."
Passage - 6
The greatest blessing that technological progress has in store for mankind is not, of course, an accumulation of material possessions. The amount of these that can be effectively enjoyed by one individual in one lifetime is not great. But there is not the same narrow limit to the possibilities of the enjoyment of leisure. The gift of leisure may be abused by people who have had no experience of making use of it. Yet the creative use of leisure by a minority in societies has been the mainspring of all human progress beyond the primitive level.
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. People always see the leisure time as a gift and use it for acquiring more material possessions.
2. Use of leisure by some people to produce new and original things has been the chief source of human progress.
Which of these assumptions is/are valid?
The task is to evaluate the validity of two assumptions based on the provided passage. We need to read the passage carefully and determine if the statements in the assumptions are directly supported, implied, or contradicted by the text.
Correct Option: B) 2 only
Passage - 7
There is more than a modicum of truth in the assertion that "a working knowledge of ancient history is necessary to the intelligent interpretation of current events". But the sage who uttered these words of wisdom might well have added something on the benefits of studying particularly the famous battles of history for the lessons they contain for those of us who lead or aspire to leadership. Such a study will reveal certain qualities and attributes which enabled the winners to win-and certain deficiencies which caused the losers to lose. And the student will see the same pattern, recurs consistently, again and again, throughout the centuries.
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. A study of the famous battles of history would help us understand the modern warfare.
2. Studying the history is essential for anyone who aspires to be a leader.
which of these assumptions is/are valid?
The task is to evaluate the validity of two assumptions based on the provided passage. This requires a careful reading of the passage to identify what it explicitly states or strongly implies, and then comparing that with the given assumptions.
Since neither assumption is directly and unequivocally supported by the passage, both are invalid in the context of what the passage states.
Correct Option: D) Neither 1 nor 2
This problem involves calculating the weight of a specific person using the concept of averages. We will use the formula for average weight, which is the total weight divided by the number of persons. By finding the total weight of different groups and then combining or subtracting them, we can isolate the weight of the 5th person.
Therefore, the weight of the 5th person is 50 kg.
Correct Option: C) 50 kg
This is a logical deduction problem. We need to identify individuals based on multiple attributes like profession, education, and hobbies. The best approach is to list all individuals and their known attributes, then deduce the missing information to find the person who satisfies both conditions: being a tennis player and a bank employee.
We already know Kamala is a bank employee and a postgraduate in Sociology. From the list, Vimala is also a bank employee but not listed among the Sociology postgraduates. This statement implies that out of the four Sociology postgraduates (Amala, Kamala, Komala, Nirmala), exactly two are bank employees. We know Kamala is one. We need to find the other bank employee among Amala, Komala, and Nirmala.
Nirmala: Tennis player, Postgraduate in Sociology, Bank employee.
C) Nirmala is both a tennis player and a bank employee. As deduced in step 4 and 5, Nirmala is explicitly stated as a tennis player, and then deduced to be a bank employee based on the condition that two of the Sociology postgraduates are bank employees (Kamala is one, and Amala/Komala are unemployed, leaving Nirmala as the other).
P = (40% of A) + (65% of B) and Q = (50% of A) + ( 50% of B), where A is greater than B.
In this context, which of the following statements is correct?
P is greater than Q.
Q is greater than P.
P is equal to Q.
None of the above can be concluded with certainty.