Directions for the following 6 (six) items:
Read the following five passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.
Passage-1
In India, over the last decade or so, labour has been departing agriculture, but is only going to construction and unregistered manufacturing which are not markedly better jobs. Services, where labour tends to be most productive, are not generating the additional jobs the country needs. India will need 24 million or so jobs over the next decade. The new sector, e-commerce, can at best close only half the jobs gap. Only those sectors that drive domestic demand such as health and education can comfortably fill the other half.
Which one of the following in best Implied in the passage?
Strong measures need to be taken to reduce the rural to urban migration of labour.
The working condition in construction and unregistered manufacturing needs to be improved.
Service sector has been reducing the problem of unemployment.
Increased social sector spending is imperative for large-scale job creation.
The question asks what is best implied by the passage regarding job creation in India. We need to analyze the passage to understand the current job scenario, the challenges, and the suggested solutions for generating the required 24 million jobs over the next decade.
Correct Option: D) Increased social sector spending is imperative for large-scale job creation.
The passage clearly identifies health and education as the sectors that can fill the remaining half of the job gap. These sectors fall under social sector spending. Therefore, increasing spending in these areas is presented as a necessary measure for large-scale job creation.
Passage-2
In India, the current focus on the right to privacy is based on some new realities of the digital age. A right in a substantive right only if it works in all situations, and for everyone. A right to free expression for an individual about her exploitation, for instance, is meaningless without actual availability of security that guarantees that private force cannot be used to thwart this right. The role of the State, therefore, is not just to abstain from preventing rightful free expression, but also to actively ensure that private parties are not able to block it.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. State should have some institutions to ensure appropriate role in a digital society.
2. State should ensure that private parties do not violate the citizens' right to privacy.
3. Digital economy is not compatible with the idea of not violating the citizens' privacy.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
The question asks us to identify valid assumptions based on the provided passage. We need to carefully read the passage and determine which of the given statements can be logically inferred or are necessary for the passage's arguments to hold true.
A) 1 and 2
Both assumptions 1 and 2 are valid inferences from the passage. The passage highlights the State's active role in protecting rights, including privacy, from private entities in the digital age, which necessitates appropriate institutions (Assumption 1) and direct action against private violations (Assumption 2).
Passage-3
One of the biggest ironies around water is that it comes from rivers and other wetlands. Yet it is seen as divorced from them. While water is used as a resource, public policy does not always grasp that it is a part of the natural ecosystem. Efforts at engineering water systems are thus efforts at augmenting water supply rather than strengthening the capacities of ecological systems.
Which one of the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
Rivera and other wetlands should be protected under Ramsar Convention.
Engineering water systems should be modernized and further augmented.
Wetlands need to be reinforced as more than just open sources of water.
Water mupply should not be free of cost so as to prevent its misuse or overuse.
The question asks for the most logical and rational inference from the given passage. This requires understanding the central theme and implied message of the passage, rather than just directly stated facts.
C) Wetlands need to be reinforced as more than just open sources of water. — This inference directly addresses the central theme of the passage, which laments the perception of water being divorced from its natural sources (rivers and wetlands) and the failure of public policy to recognize water's integral role within the natural ecosystem. The passage criticizes efforts that focus solely on augmenting water supply through engineering rather than strengthening the capacities of ecological systems. Therefore, reinforcing wetlands to be seen as more than just sources of water implies recognizing their ecological importance and integrating them into water management strategies, which aligns perfectly with the passage's critique and implied solution.
Passage-4
Asset allocation is the most important investment decision we will ever make, and sadly, most of us do not give that decision the importance it deserves. We are adamant about seeking predictability with our future. We tend to think of investing in risky assets as extremely volatile and value eroding. We also dislike fluctuating returns and the loss of control of investment. We think our money is best left idle, unproductive but safe. There is no asset that is risk-free. We could lose our jobs, our homes can lose value, our banks can go bankrupt, our bonds can default, the government can collapse and companies we chose fondly may cease to exist. But we cannot live life assuming that all these extreme events are waiting to happen, and all at the same time. All these extreme forms of risks we know will not manifest at the same time.
Which one of the following statements best implies the suggestion given by the author of the passage?
Distribute your wealth acrossdifferent kinds of assets so that your risks would be minimized.
Risk-taking behaviour should be a necessary component of your personality if you want to generate wealth.
While making investments, find a trustworthy asset management organization which would manage your wealth for you.
You should know that investing your money is a risky business.
The question asks to identify the statement that best implies the suggestion given by the author in the passage. We need to carefully read the passage to understand the author's main point regarding investment decisions and risk.
A) Distribute your wealth across different kinds of assets so that your risks would be minimized. This option perfectly captures the essence of the passage. The author emphasizes the importance of "Asset allocation" and explains that while individual assets have risks, these extreme risks "will not manifest at the same time." This directly implies that by spreading investments across different types of assets, the overall risk can be minimized, as a downturn in one asset class might be offset by stability or growth in another.
Passage-5
Although most of the Genetically Modified (GM) crops cultivated now are genetically engineered for a single trait, in the future, crops genetically engineered for more than one trait will be the norm. Thus, biotechnology's role in agriculture and the regulation of the same cannot be understood solely in the context of the current generation of GM crops. Instead, there is a need to take a comprehensive look, taking into account various aspects, including socio-economic impacts, so that the potential of the technology can be harnessed while minimizing negative impacts. Given the importance of biotechnology in developing varieties that can help in climate change mitigation and adaptation, not using biotechnology as a part of the climate change action plan cannot be an option. Domestic regulation of biotechnology cannot be viewed in isolation of trade policy and obligations under various international treaties and conventions.
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Biotechnology regulation is an evolving process.
2. Participation of people is needed in policy decisions regarding biotechnology regulation.
3. Biotechnology regulation should take into account socio-economic aspects in decision-making.
4. Wider involvement of the political executive in biotechnology regulation improves its effectiveness in dealing with the country's trade policies and international obligations. Which of the above assumptions are valid?
1, 2 and 4 only
1 and 3 only
2, 3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The question asks to identify valid assumptions based on the provided passage. We need to read each statement and check if it is directly supported or implied by the text in the passage.
B) 1 and 3 only
Based on the analysis, assumptions 1 and 3 are valid as they are directly supported or clearly implied by the passage.
Which one of the following statements best implies the crux of the passage?
Precautionary principle is not given importance in current debate on developing GM crops.
Biotechnology is not currently used in climate change mitigation and adaptation mechanisms.
Biotechnology's role is not confined to the current priorities of developing GM crops.
The negative impacts of biotechnology are not properly understood.
The question asks to identify the statement that best implies the crux of a given passage. To answer this, we need to understand the main idea or central theme conveyed by the passage. The passage highlights that while biotechnology is often discussed in the context of Genetically Modified (GM) crops, its potential applications extend far beyond this narrow focus, particularly in areas like climate change mitigation and adaptation, and sustainable agriculture.
C) Biotechnology's role is not confined to the current priorities of developing GM crops. This statement accurately reflects the passage's main argument that the discussion around biotechnology is too narrowly focused on GM crops, while its potential applications in other critical areas like climate change and sustainable agriculture are often overlooked.
How many zeroes are there at the end of the following product?
1x5x10x15x20x25x30x35x40x45x50x55x60
To find the number of zeroes at the end of a product, we need to determine the number of times 10 is a factor in the product. Since \(10 = 2 \times 5\), we count the number of factors of 5 and the number of factors of 2 in the prime factorization of each number in the product. The number of zeroes will be equal to the minimum of these two counts. In most cases involving products of multiples of 5, the number of factors of 2 is usually greater than or equal to the number of factors of 5, so we primarily focus on counting the factors of 5.
The given product is \(1 \times 5 \times 10 \times 15 \times 20 \times 25 \times 30 \times 35 \times 40 \times 45 \times 50 \times 55 \times 60\).
Total factors of 5 \( = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 14\).
We need to check if there are enough factors of 2. Let's count them:
Total factors of 2 \( = 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 2 = 10\).
The number of zeroes at the end of the product is the minimum of the total factors of 5 and the total factors of 2.
Minimum(\(14\), \(10\)) \( = 10\).
Therefore, there are 10 zeroes at the end of the product.
A) 10 — As calculated, the number of factors of 2 is 10, and the number of factors of 5 is 14. The number of zeroes is limited by the lesser of these two, which is 10.
We need to analyze the sum of the three numbers XYZ, YZX, and ZXY, and determine which of the given options does not divide this sum, given that \((X+Y+Z)\) is not a multiple of 3.
A three-digit number XYZ can be written as \(100X + 10Y + Z\).
Add the three numbers:
\[\begin{align*} XYZ + YZX + ZXY &= (100X + 10Y + Z) + (100Y + 10Z + X) + (100Z + 10X + Y) \ &= (100X + X + 10X) + (10Y + 100Y + Y) + (Z + 10Z + 100Z) \ &= 111X + 111Y + 111Z \ &= 111(X+Y+Z) \end{align*}\]We know that \(111 = 3 \times 37\).
So, the sum is \(3 \times 37 \times (X+Y+Z)\).
The problem states that \((X+Y+Z)\) is not a multiple of 3. This means \((X+Y+Z)\) is not divisible by 3.
Let the sum be \(S = 3 \times 37 \times (X+Y+Z)\).
Therefore, the sum \((XYZ + YZX + ZXY)\) is not divisible by 9.
Correct Option: B) 9
Let p, q, r and a be natural numbers such that
p-2016-q+2017-r-2018=s+2019
Which one of the following is the largest natural number?
To determine the number of five-digit prime numbers formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 without repetition, we can use the divisibility rule for 3. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. If a number is divisible by 3 and is greater than 3, it cannot be a prime number.
A) Zero — As explained above, any number formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 will have a sum of digits equal to 15, which is divisible by 3. Since these numbers are five-digit numbers, they are all greater than 3 and thus cannot be prime.