Passage - 1 (Covers Question 1 to 5 )
For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the state to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption.
The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was land down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver.
This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it(I) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.
According to the passage:
1. The objective of inclusive growth was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation.
2. Need of the hour is to have an enabling Government.
3. The Government should engage in maximum interference in market processes.
4. There is a need to change the size of the Government.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The question asks to identify the correct statements based on the provided passage. We need to read each statement and cross-reference it with the information given in the passage to determine its accuracy.
A) 1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 are directly supported by the text of the passage.
The question asks about the strategy of inclusive growth based on a given passage (which is not provided here, but the concept of inclusive growth is standard in economics and public policy). Inclusive growth aims to ensure that the benefits of economic growth are shared broadly across society, especially reaching the marginalized and deprived sections. This typically involves improving access to basic services and opportunities.
Correct Option: D) Delivery of the basic services to the deprived sections of the society. This option directly addresses the core principle of inclusive growth, which is to ensure that the benefits of economic development reach all segments of society, especially the marginalized and vulnerable, by providing them with essential services and opportunities.
What constitutes an enabling Government?
1. A large bureaucracy.
2. Implementation of welfare programmes through representatives.
3. Creating an ethos that helps individual enterprise.
4. Providing resources to those who are underprivileged.
5. Offering direct help to the poor regarding basic services.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
1, 2 and 3 only
4 and 5 only
3, 4 and 5 only
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
The question asks to identify the characteristics of an "enabling Government." An enabling government is one that facilitates growth, empowers its citizens, and creates an environment for individual and societal progress, rather than being overly controlling or bureaucratic. We need to evaluate each statement against this definition.
C) 3, 4 and 5 only. Statements 3, 4, and 5 describe actions that empower individuals, provide necessary support, and foster an environment conducive to progress, which are hallmarks of an enabling government.
Why is the State unable to deliver "all that is needed"?
1. It does not have sufficient bureaucracy.
2. It does not promote inclusive growth.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
The question asks why the State is unable to deliver "all that is needed" and provides two statements. We need to evaluate each statement independently to determine if it is a valid reason for the State's inability to deliver all necessary services or goods.
A large and efficient bureaucracy is often considered essential for a State to deliver services effectively. However, the statement suggests that a lack of sufficient bureaucracy is the reason for the State's inability to deliver. In reality, many developing countries, including India, are often criticized for having an over-sized or inefficient bureaucracy, rather than an insufficient one. While bureaucratic inefficiencies (corruption, red tape, lack of accountability) can hinder service delivery, simply lacking "sufficient bureaucracy" is not a universally accepted reason for the State's inability to deliver everything. In fact, an overly large or inefficient bureaucracy can also be a hindrance. Therefore, this statement is not a universally valid or primary reason.
Inclusive growth aims to ensure that all sections of society benefit from economic development. While promoting inclusive growth is a desirable goal and its absence can lead to disparities and social unrest, it is not the direct reason why the State is unable to deliver "all that is needed" in terms of goods and services. The State's inability to deliver everything is more fundamentally linked to resource constraints (financial, human, technological), capacity limitations, and the inherent complexity of meeting infinite demands with finite resources. Lack of inclusive growth is a policy outcome or a challenge in itself, rather than the root cause of the State's overall inability to deliver on all fronts. A state might promote inclusive growth but still face limitations in delivering everything needed due to other factors.
D) Neither 1 nor 2. Both statements present incomplete or potentially misleading reasons for the State's inability to deliver "all that is needed." The State's limitations are multifaceted and not solely attributable to these two factors.
The question asks for the essential message conveyed by the author of a passage (which is not provided here, but is implied to discuss inclusive growth and the role of the State). To answer this, one must infer the author's main argument or conclusion regarding the State's role in achieving inclusive growth.
D) There is a need to rethink the role of the State in achieving inclusive growth. This option presents a broad, critical, and forward-looking message. It implies that the current understanding or execution of the State's role might be inadequate and requires re-evaluation to effectively achieve inclusive growth. This is a common theme in policy discussions and analytical articles on development.
Passage - 2 (Covers Questions 6 to 8 )
The concept of 'creative society' refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergency of a creative society in a country.
What does the author imply by "creative society"?
1. A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive.
2. A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.
3. A society where a large number of contradictions are recognized.
4. A society where the exploited and the oppressed groups grow conscious of their human rights and upliftment.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
The question asks to identify what the author implies by "creative society" based on the provided passage. We need to carefully read the passage and extract the key characteristics and definitions of a "creative society" as described by the author.
Correct Option: C) 3 and 4
What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movement?
1. Aggressiveness and being incendiary.
2. Instigation by external forces.
3. Quest for social quality and individual freedom
4. Urge for granting privilege and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The question asks to identify the manifestations of social movements based on a given (but not provided in the prompt) passage. Since the passage is not provided, we must rely on the general understanding of what constitutes a social movement, especially in the context of UPSC and similar competitive exams where such questions often test conceptual understanding. Social movements typically arise from a desire for change, often focusing on equality, rights, and justice for marginalized groups.
C) 3 and 4 only. Statements 3 and 4 accurately describe the fundamental manifestations of social movements, which are typically driven by a desire for social equality, individual freedom, and the upliftment and respect of marginalized sections of society.
With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:
1. To be a creative society it is essential to have a variety of social movements.
2. To be a creative society, it is imperative to have potential contradictions and conflicts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The question asks us to identify which statements are correct regarding the characteristics of a creative society, based on an implied passage (which is not provided here, but the question structure suggests it's a comprehension-based question). We must assume the statements reflect general understanding of what fosters creativity in a societal context.
C) Both 1 and 2. Both statements describe conditions that are generally understood to foster creativity in a societal context. A variety of social movements indicates a diverse and dynamic society, while potential contradictions and conflicts can act as catalysts for innovation and problem-solving, leading to creative outcomes.
Consider the following three statements:
1. Only students can participate in the race.
2. Some participants in the race are girls.
3. All girl participants in the race are invited for coaching.
Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?
All participants in the race are invited for coaching.
All students are invited for coaching.
All participant in the race are students.
None of the statements (a), (b) and ( c) given above is correct.
This problem is a classic example of deductive reasoning based on given statements. We need to analyze each statement carefully and then evaluate the given conclusions to see which one logically follows from the premises.
C) All participant in the race are students.
Directions for the following 2 (two) items: ( Covers Questions 10 and 11)
Each of the following two items consists of four statements. Of these four Statements, two cannot both be true, but both can be false. Study the statements carefully and identify the two that satisfy the above condition. Select the correct answer using the codes given below each set of statements:
Examine the following statements:
1. All animals are carnivorous.
2. Some animals are not carnivorous.
3. Animals are not carnivorous.
4. Some animals are carnivorous.
The problem asks us to identify two statements from a given set of four that cannot both be true, but both can be false. This is a classic problem in logical reasoning, specifically dealing with the relationships between categorical propositions (A, E, I, O types).
Based on the analysis, only statements 1 and 3 fit the criteria.
Correct Option: A) 1 and 3