Passage - 1 (Covers Question 1 to 5 )
For achieving inclusive growth there is a critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the state to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption.
The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was land down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver.
This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it(I) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.
According to the passage:
1. The objective of inclusive growth was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation.
2. Need of the hour is to have an enabling Government.
3. The Government should engage in maximum interference in market processes.
4. There is a need to change the size of the Government.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The question asks to identify the correct statements based on the provided passage. We need to read each statement and cross-reference it with the information given in the passage to determine its accuracy.
A) 1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 are directly supported by the text of the passage.
The problem states that the passage argues for an "enabling State" to achieve inclusive growth, instead of a Government that tries to deliver everything itself. This means that the correct strategy must match the two roles the passage gives the State: creating good conditions for the market with minimal interference, and directly helping the poor. We will compare each option with these two roles and pick the one the passage supports.
Identify the passage's main argument: India is too large and complex for the State to deliver everything. Trying to produce all goods, create all jobs and control all prices leads to a cumbersome bureaucracy and corruption.
Identify the role of the enabling State: The passage gives the State two roles:
Match the options with these roles:
Select the option: Only the focus on basic services for the deprived sections fits the passage's strategy for inclusive growth.
Correct Option: D) Delivery of the basic services to the deprived sections of the society — The passage says the enabling State should directly help the poor by ensuring basic education, health services, nutrition and food, which is the focus that makes growth inclusive.
What constitutes an enabling Government?
1. A large bureaucracy.
2. Implementation of welfare programmes through representatives.
3. Creating an ethos that helps individual enterprise.
4. Providing resources to those who are underprivileged.
5. Offering direct help to the poor regarding basic services.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
1, 2 and 3 only
4 and 5 only
3, 4 and 5 only
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
The problem states that the passage describes an "enabling Government" as one that does not try to deliver everything to citizens directly. This means that the correct features must match the roles the passage assigns to such a Government: creating an ethos where individual enterprise can flourish, and stepping in to help those who cannot do well for themselves. We will check each of the five statements against the passage and keep only those it supports.
Recall the passage's definition: An enabling Government (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well, by ensuring basic education, health services, nutrition and food for the poor.
Examine statement 1 (A large bureaucracy): The passage warns that asking the Government to do everything leads to a large, cumbersome bureaucracy and corruption. A large bureaucracy is the problem the enabling Government avoids, so statement 1 is incorrect.
Examine statement 2 (Welfare through representatives): The passage says nothing about implementing welfare programmes through representatives. It speaks of the Government directly helping the poor, so statement 2 is not supported.
Examine statement 3 (Ethos that helps individual enterprise): This matches the first role exactly: creating an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish. Statement 3 is correct.
Examine statement 4 (Resources to the underprivileged): The passage says the Government steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, ensuring they receive education, health services, nutrition and food. This is providing resources to the underprivileged, so statement 4 is correct.
Examine statement 5 (Direct help to the poor on basic services): The passage says the Government plays an important role in directly helping the poor with basic education, health, nutrition and food. Statement 5 is correct.
Combine the results: Statements 3, 4 and 5 describe an enabling Government; statements 1 and 2 do not.
Correct Option: C) 3, 4 and 5 only — An enabling Government creates an ethos in which individual enterprise can flourish and directly helps the underprivileged with basic services and resources, which are statements 3, 4 and 5.
Why is the State unable to deliver "all that is needed"?
1. It does not have sufficient bureaucracy.
2. It does not promote inclusive growth.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
The problem states that the passage says the State is unable to deliver "all that is needed" and asks for the reason behind this. This means that the correct answer must match the reason the passage actually gives, which is that India is too large and complex a nation. We will check each of the two statements against this reason and keep only those the passage supports.
Find the reason in the passage: The passage says India is too large and complex a nation for the State to deliver all that is needed. This size and complexity is the only reason given.
Examine statement 1 (Insufficient bureaucracy): The passage does not say the State lacks bureaucracy. In fact, it warns that trying to deliver everything leads to a large, cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. A shortage of bureaucracy is not the reason, so statement 1 is incorrect.
Examine statement 2 (Does not promote inclusive growth): The passage treats inclusive growth as the goal the State should keep pursuing, with a more realistic view of what it can deliver. It never says the State fails to deliver because it does not promote inclusive growth, so statement 2 is incorrect.
Combine the results: Neither statement matches the reason given in the passage, which is India's size and complexity.
Correct Option: D) Neither 1 nor 2 — The passage says the State cannot deliver all that is needed because India is too large and complex a nation, not because of insufficient bureaucracy or a failure to promote inclusive growth.
The problem states that the passage discusses inclusive growth and argues for an enabling State instead of a Government that tries to deliver everything. This means that the essential message must cover the whole passage, not just one detail or example from it. We will identify the central idea from the opening and the overall argument, then compare each option with it.
Read the opening line: The passage begins by saying that achieving inclusive growth requires a critical rethink of the role of the State. This sets the theme for everything that follows.
Follow the argument: The rest of the passage develops this idea:
Identify the central message: Every part of the passage supports one idea: the role of the State must be rethought, moving towards an enabling State, to achieve inclusive growth.
Compare the options: Options A and B pick up single details from the passage, and option C contradicts it. Only option D captures the overall message.
Correct Option: D) There is a need to rethink the role of the State in achieving inclusive growth — The passage opens with this idea and spends the rest of its length explaining what a rethought, enabling State should look like.
Passage - 2 (Covers Questions 6 to 8 )
The concept of 'creative society' refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergency of a creative society in a country.
What does the author imply by "creative society"?
1. A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive.
2. A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.
3. A society where a large number of contradictions are recognized.
4. A society where the exploited and the oppressed groups grow conscious of their human rights and upliftment.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
The question asks to identify what the author implies by "creative society" based on the provided passage. We need to carefully read the passage and extract the key characteristics and definitions of a "creative society" as described by the author.
Correct Option: C) 3 and 4
What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movement?
1. Aggressiveness and being incendiary.
2. Instigation by external forces.
3. Quest for social equality and individual freedom
4. Urge for granting privilege and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
The problem states that the passage describes a 'creative society' in which oppressed groups become politically mobilised and demand their rights, and it gives examples of such social movements. This means that the manifestations of social movement must match what these movements are shown to seek, such as rights, autonomy, self-determination and dignity for oppressed groups. We will check each of the four statements against the passage and keep only those it supports.
Recall what the passage says about social movements: Oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. Examples include peasant and tribal upsurges, movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, environmental movements and women's movements. These are described as movements for social transformation.
Examine statement 1 (Aggressiveness and being incendiary): The passage does not describe the movements as aggressive or inflammatory. It only says their forms and intensity may vary, which does not mean they are incendiary. Statement 1 is not supported.
Examine statement 2 (Instigation by external forces): The passage presents these movements as arising from contradictions within society itself, when oppressed groups demand their rights. It says nothing about outside forces stirring them up. Statement 2 is not supported.
Examine statement 3 (Quest for social equality and individual freedom): Oppressed groups demanding their rights, and movements for autonomy and self-determination, reflect a search for equality and freedom. Statement 3 is supported.
Examine statement 4 (Privilege and self-respect for disparaged sections): Peasants, tribals and women's groups seeking their rights are oppressed sections of society asking for dignity and recognition. Statement 4 is supported.
Combine the results: Statements 3 and 4 are manifestations of social movement according to the passage; statements 1 and 2 are not.
Correct Option: C) 3 and 4 only — The passage shows social movements as oppressed groups demanding their rights, autonomy and self-determination, which reflects a quest for equality and freedom and an urge for dignity for disparaged sections.
With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:
1. To be a creative society it is essential to have a variety of social movements.
2. To be a creative society, it is imperative to have potential contradictions and conflicts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The problem states that the passage defines a 'creative society' as a phase in which many potential contradictions become articulate and active, and that the presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres signals its emergence. This means that we must check whether contradictions and a variety of social movements are presented as necessary features of a creative society. We will test each statement against the passage's definition and its concluding line.
Recall the definition of a creative society: It is a phase of development in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active, most clearly when oppressed groups mobilise and demand their rights.
Examine statement 1 (Variety of social movements):
Examine statement 2 (Potential contradictions and conflicts):
Combine the results: Both statements follow from the passage's definition and its concluding line.
Correct Option: C) Both 1 and 2 — The passage defines a creative society by its potential contradictions becoming active, and identifies it by the presence of social movements in various spheres, so both statements are correct.
Consider the following three statements:
1. Only students can participate in the race.
2. Some participants in the race are girls.
3. All girl participants in the race are invited for coaching.
Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?
All participants in the race are invited for coaching.
All students are invited for coaching.
All participant in the race are students.
None of the statements (a), (b) and ( c) given above is correct.
This problem is a classic example of deductive reasoning based on given statements. We need to analyze each statement carefully and then evaluate the given conclusions to see which one logically follows from the premises.
C) All participant in the race are students.
Directions for the following 2 (two) items: ( Covers Questions 10 and 11)
Each of the following two items consists of four statements. Of these four Statements, two cannot both be true, but both can be false. Study the statements carefully and identify the two that satisfy the above condition. Select the correct answer using the codes given below each set of statements:
Examine the following statements:
1. All animals are carnivorous.
2. Some animals are not carnivorous.
3. Animals are not carnivorous.
4. Some animals are carnivorous.
The problem asks us to identify two statements from a given set of four that cannot both be true, but both can be false. This is a classic problem in logical reasoning, specifically dealing with the relationships between categorical propositions (A, E, I, O types).
Based on the analysis, only statements 1 and 3 fit the criteria.
Correct Option: A) 1 and 3