Directions for the following 8 (eight) items:
Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.
Passage-1
Low-end loT (Internet of Things) devices are cheap commodity items: addressing security would add to the cost. This class of items is proliferating with new applications, many home appliances, thermostats, security and monitoring devices and personal convenience devices are part of the IoT. So are fitness trackers, certain medical implants and computer-like devices in automobiles. The IoT is expected to expand exponentially-but new security challenges are daunting.
Which one of the following statements is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
Development of enabling technologies in India can be a big boost to its manufacturing sector.
India is not yet fully ready to adopt IoT in view of the imminent security challenges.
Life becomes more comfortable with the development of cheap low-end loT devices.
As we go digital, we must recognise the huge threat to Internet security from some IoT devices.
The question asks for the most logical and rational inference from the provided passage about IoT devices. We need to analyze the key points of the passage, especially the concerns raised, to determine the best conclusion.
Correct Option: D) As we go digital, we must recognise the huge threat to Internet security from some IoT devices.
Passage-2
With the digital phenomenon restructuring most social sectors, it is little surprise that global trade negotiations are now eyeing the digital area in an attempt to pre-emptively -colonise it. Big Data is freely collected or mined from developing countries, and converted into digital intelligence in developed countries. This intelligence begins to control different sectors and extract monopoly rents. A large foreign company providing cab service, for instance, is not a network of cars and drivers; it is digital intelligence about commuting, public transport, roads, traffic, city events, personal behavioural characteristics of commuters and drivers and so on.
Which one of the following is the most logical and rational corollary to the above passage?
Globalization is not in the interests of India as it undermines its socio-economic structures.
India should be careful to protect its digital sovereignty in global trade talks.
India should charge monopoly rents from multinational companies in exchange for Big Data.
The loss of Big Data from India is proportional to the degree/value of its foreign trade.
The passage discusses how digital data from developing countries is converted into digital intelligence by developed countries, leading to control over various sectors and extraction of monopoly rents. It highlights a concern about this 'pre-emptive colonization' of the digital area. The question asks for the most logical and rational corollary, meaning a direct consequence or inference that follows from the passage's main argument.
B) India should be careful to protect its digital sovereignty in global trade talks. This option directly addresses the core concern of the passage, which is the exploitation of digital data by developed countries to gain control and extract monopoly rents from developing countries. Protecting 'digital sovereignty' means ensuring control over one's own data, digital infrastructure, and policy in the digital realm, which is the logical countermeasure to the 'pre-emptive colonization' described.
The question asks to identify the statement most definitively implied by the provided passage. This requires careful reading of the passage to understand its central theme and the main point it conveys about Big Data.
A) Big Data is the key resource in the digital space. This option most accurately captures the likely central theme of a passage discussing the importance and value of Big Data in the modern era. Such passages often liken Big Data to a new form of oil or a critical asset, making it a "key resource."
Passage-3
The rural poor across the world, including India, have contributed little to human-induced climate change, yet they are on the frontline in coping with its effects. Farmers can no longer rely on historical averages for rainfall and temperature, and the more frequent and extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, can spell disaster. And there are new threats, such as sea level rise and the impact of melting glaciers on water supply. How significant are small farms? As many as two billion people worldwide depend on them for their food and livelihood. Small-holder farmers in India produce 41 percent of the country's food grains, and other food items that contribute to local and national food security.
What is the most logical and rational corollary to the above passage?
Supporting small farmers an important part of any agenda regarding environmentally sustainable development.
Poor countries have little role to play in the mitigation of global warming.
Due to a large number of farmer households, India will not have food security problem in the foreseeable future.
Only small-holder farmers in India can ensure food security.
The question asks for the most logical and rational corollary to the provided passage. A corollary is a direct and natural consequence or conclusion. We need to identify the option that directly follows from the information and arguments presented in the passage.
The passage explicitly states that rural poor (including small farmers) are on the frontline of coping with climate change effects, despite contributing little to it. It also emphasizes the critical role of small farms in global food security and livelihoods, particularly in India. Therefore, supporting these small farmers becomes a crucial component of any strategy for environmentally sustainable development, as it addresses both the environmental impact on vulnerable populations and their vital role in sustaining life. This option synthesizes the key arguments of the passage.
The above passage implies that
1. There is a potential problem of food insecurity in India.
2. India will have to strengthen its disaster management capabilities.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
The question asks to identify valid assumptions based on an implied passage (which is not provided but is typical for such questions in competitive exams). We need to evaluate each statement's validity as an implication from a general understanding of challenges faced by India, especially concerning agriculture, climate change, and food security.
C) Both 1 and 2. Both statements are valid implications. Food insecurity is a significant concern in India, often exacerbated by climate change and natural disasters. Consequently, strengthening disaster management capabilities is essential to protect agricultural output, ensure food supply, and safeguard livelihoods.
Passage-4
A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors' returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather-storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.
2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companies in future.
3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
The task is to evaluate the validity of three assumptions based solely on the provided passage. We need to check if each assumption can be directly inferred or is strongly supported by the text.
Based on the analysis, assumptions 1 and 3 are valid, while assumption 2 is not directly supported by the passage.
Correct Option: C) 1 and 3 only
Passage-5
Access to schooling for those coming of school age is close to universal, but access to quality exhibits a sharp gradient with socio-economic status. Quotas for the weaker sections in private schools is a provision introduced by the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. The quotas have imposed a debate on issues of social integration and equity in education that private actors had escaped by and large. The idea of egalitarian education system with equality of opportunity as its primary goal appears to be outside the space that private school principals inhabit. Therefore, the imposition of the quotas has led to resistance, sometimes justified.
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Making equality of opportunity a reality is the fundamental goal of the Indian education system.
2. The present Indian school system is unable to provide egalitarian education.
3.Abolition of private schools and establishment of more government schools is the only way to ensure egalitarian education.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
The question asks us to identify valid assumptions based on the provided passage. We need to analyze each statement and determine if the passage directly supports or implies it as an assumption.
B) 2 only
Statement 2 is the only valid assumption because the passage clearly indicates that the current system struggles with providing egalitarian education due to quality disparities and resistance from private institutions regarding equality of opportunity.
Passage - 6
A majority of the TB infected in India are poor and lack sufficient nutrition, suitable housing and have little understanding of prevention. TB then devastates families, makes the poor poorer, particularly affects women and children, and leads to ostracisation and loss of employment. The truth is that even if TB does not kill them, hunger and poverty will. Another truth is that deep-seated stigma, lack of counselling, expensive treatment and lack of (c) Statement 1 is not sufficient, but adequate support from providers and family. coupled with torturous side-effects demotivate patients to continue treatment with disastrous
Which one of the following is the most logical, rational and crucial message conveyed by the above passage?
TB is not a curable disease in Indian circumstances.
Curing TB requires more than diagnosis and medical treatment.
Government's surveillance mechanism is deficient; and poor people have no access to treatment.
India will be free from diseases like TB only when its poverty alleviation programmes are effectively and successfully implemented.
The passage highlights various challenges faced by TB patients in India beyond just the medical aspect. It emphasizes socio-economic factors, psychological barriers, and systemic issues that hinder effective treatment and recovery. The most logical, rational, and crucial message will encompass these broader aspects.
B) Curing TB requires more than diagnosis and medical treatment. This option is the most logical, rational, and crucial message because the passage details numerous non-medical factors (poverty, lack of nutrition, housing, understanding, stigma, lack of counseling, support, side-effects) that significantly impact a patient's ability to continue and complete TB treatment. It clearly implies that while medical treatment is necessary, it is not sufficient on its own.
A five-storeyed building with floors from I to V is painted using four different colours and only one colour is used to paint a floor. Consider the following statements:
1. The middle three floors are painted in different colours.
2. The second (II) and the fourth (IV) floors are painted in different colours.
3. The first (1) and the fifth (V) floors are painted red.
To ensure that any two consecutive floors have different colours
Only statement 2 is sufficient
Only statement 3 is sufficient
Statement 1 is not sufficient, but statement 1 along with statement 2 is sufficient
Statement 3 is not sufficient, but statement 3 along with statement 2 is sufficient
The problem asks us to determine which statement or combination of statements is sufficient to ensure that any two consecutive floors of a five-storey building have different colours. We have floors I, II, III, IV, V and four different colours. Let's denote the colours as C1, C2, C3, C4.
B) Only statement 3 is sufficient
This problem involves finding the distance between two points given their relative positions and distances from a common point. We can visualize the towns P, Q, and R as vertices of a right-angled triangle. Since Q is to the West of P and R is to the South of P, the angle at P (\(\angle QPR\)) will be \(90^\circ\). We can then use the Pythagorean theorem to find the distance between Q and R.
Since Q is directly West of P and R is directly South of P, the lines PQ and PR are perpendicular to each other. This means that \(\triangle QPR\) is a right-angled triangle with the right angle at P.
In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Here, QR is the hypotenuse.
\[ QR^2 = PQ^2 + PR^2 \]Given \(PQ = 60 \text{ km}\) and \(PR = 80 \text{ km}\).
\[ QR^2 = (60)^2 + (80)^2 \] \[ QR^2 = 3600 + 6400 \] \[ QR^2 = 10000 \]Correct Option: D) 100 Km