The question asks for the year in which the Ilbert Bill controversy took place. This is a direct factual recall question related to modern Indian history, specifically the period of British Raj.
Correct Option: C) 1883. The Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 by Lord Ripon's government. It aimed to allow Indian judges and magistrates to try British subjects in criminal cases, which was previously not permitted. This proposal sparked a huge controversy among the European community in India, leading to widespread protests and ultimately a compromise that diluted the original intent of the bill.
The question asks to identify the Viceroy during whose tenure the Ilbert Bill was introduced. This requires knowledge of key events and the Viceroys associated with them in British India.
Correct Option: C) Lord Ripon
The Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 during the Viceroyalty of Lord Ripon (1880-1884). This bill aimed to remove racial discrimination in the judicial system by allowing Indian judges and magistrates to try European British subjects in criminal cases. The bill faced strong opposition from the European community in India, leading to its eventual modification and dilution, which is often referred to as the 'Ilbert Bill Controversy'.
The question asks for the literal meaning of the word 'Sarvajanik' as used in the 'Poona Sarvajanik Sabha'. To answer this, one needs to understand the etymology and historical context of the term, especially in the context of Indian social and political organizations of the 19th century.
A) Of or for all the people β This accurately reflects the Sanskrit etymology of 'Sarvajanik', which means 'pertaining to all people' or 'public'. The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was indeed intended to be a body representing the interests of the general public.
The question asks to identify the author of the influential book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'. This requires knowledge of prominent figures in Indian history, particularly those involved in the early nationalist movement and their literary contributions.
C) Dadabhai Naoroji β Dadabhai Naoroji, often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India," authored 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' in 1901. In this book, he meticulously analyzed the economic drain of India's wealth to Britain, which he termed the "Drain of Wealth" theory. This work was instrumental in exposing the exploitative nature of British colonial rule and its role in India's impoverishment.
The question asks to identify another significant achievement or role of Dadabhai Naoroji, who is famously known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'. We need to evaluate each option against historical facts related to his life and contributions.
Correct Option: D) The first Indian elected to British Parliament
The question asks to identify the leader who was NOT a moderate in the early Indian National Congress. This requires knowledge of the different factions within the early Congress, specifically the Moderates and Extremists, and the prominent leaders associated with each group.
D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a prominent leader of the Extremist faction of the Indian National Congress. He advocated for more assertive methods to achieve Swaraj (self-rule) and was a strong critic of the Moderate approach of petitions and constitutional agitation. His ideology and methods were distinct from those of the Moderates.