The question asks to identify the author of a specific quote describing the nature of British rule in India, particularly focusing on the economic drain and its subtle, peaceful, yet devastating impact. This quote is characteristic of the 'Drain Theory' propounded by early Indian nationalists.
D) Dadabhai Naoroji — Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the 'Grand Old Man of India', was the foremost proponent of the 'Drain Theory'. He meticulously calculated the extent of wealth drain from India to Britain and argued that British rule, while maintaining peace, was economically devastating India. The quote accurately reflects his views on the 'peaceful' yet destructive nature of British economic exploitation.
The question asks to identify the author of the prominent work 'The Economic History of India' from the given options. This requires knowledge of key nationalist intellectuals and their literary contributions, particularly in the field of economic critique of British rule in India.
Correct Option: D) Romesh Chandra Dutt — Romesh Chandra Dutt (R.C. Dutt) is widely recognized for his seminal work, 'The Economic History of India under Early British Rule' (1901) and 'The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age' (1903). These books systematically analyzed the economic policies of the British and their detrimental effects on the Indian economy, particularly focusing on the 'drain of wealth' theory.
The question asks to identify the early nationalist who was NOT a major exponent of the Drain Theory. The Drain Theory was a significant economic critique of British rule in India, articulated by several prominent Indian nationalists. We need to identify the individual among the options who, while an important nationalist, did not primarily focus on or extensively write about the Drain Theory.
Correct Option: C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a prominent nationalist leader but was not a major exponent of the Drain Theory in the same intellectual and detailed manner as Dadabhai Naoroji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, or Mahadev Govind Ranade. His focus was more on political awakening and Swaraj.
The question asks to identify the person who made the statement: 'Expenditure on railways should be seen as an Indian subsidy to British industries'. This requires knowledge of prominent Indian economic thinkers and critics of British colonial policies, particularly concerning railway development.
Correct Option: D) G.V. Joshi made this specific remark, highlighting how railway expenditure in India primarily served as a subsidy to British industries, rather than genuinely benefiting the Indian economy.
The question asks to identify the Indian newspaper that published a specific statement regarding foreign capital and colonial administration. This requires knowledge of prominent Indian newspapers during the colonial period and their editorial stances or notable quotes.
B) The Hindu. G. Subramania Iyer, the founder of The Hindu, is credited with this powerful statement, which reflects the newspaper's editorial stance against economic exploitation by the British.
The question asks about Sir George Wingate's specific contribution to the 'Drain Theory' literature. We need to identify which statement accurately reflects his role or a famous quote attributed to him in this context.
Correct Option: A) Comparing taxes spent abroad to money 'thrown into the sea' — describing them as absolute loss to the taxed country. This statement directly corresponds to Sir George Wingate's well-known quote and his contribution to the Drain Theory discourse. He famously stated, "The remittances of the public establishments in India to England are a sum that can be compared to a tribute, and it is an absolute loss to the taxed country, similar to money thrown into the sea."