The question asks to identify the term for reducing the period of a sentence without altering its fundamental nature or character. This falls under the pardoning powers of the President or Governor in India, which involve various forms of clemency.
Correct Option: C) Remission
Remission means reducing the period of the sentence without changing its character. For example, a sentence of 5 years rigorous imprisonment may be remitted to 1 year rigorous imprisonment. The nature of the punishment (rigorous imprisonment) remains the same, only its duration is shortened.
The question asks for the specific legal term that refers to a temporary postponement of a sentence, particularly a death sentence, to allow for a pardon or commutation. Understanding the nuances of different mercy powers is key to answering this question.
Correct Option: C) Reprieve is the correct term. It signifies a temporary stay of execution of a sentence, especially a death sentence, to give the convict time to apply for pardon or commutation.
The question asks to identify the specific power of pardon that involves awarding a lesser sentence due to special facts like pregnancy or physical disability. This requires understanding the distinct meanings of different terms related to the pardoning power of the President or Governor in India.
A) Respite — This power allows for the awarding of a lesser sentence due to special circumstances of the convict, such as pregnancy or physical disability, which directly aligns with the scenario presented in the question.
The question asks to identify the correct description of 'Pardon' as defined under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. This requires understanding the distinct meanings of the President's pardoning powers.
C) It absolves the convict from all sentences, punishments and disqualifications. This is the strict legal meaning of a 'Pardon' under Article 72. It wipes out the conviction and sentence completely, restoring the individual to their original position.
The question asks about the scope of the President's pardoning power under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, specifically concerning the types of courts whose sentences can be pardoned. We need to identify which of the given options falls within this power.
Correct Option: D) A Court Martial. Article 72(1)(c) of the Constitution specifically states that the President can grant pardons in all cases where the sentence is a sentence by a Court Martial. This is a unique power of the President, distinguishing it from the pardoning power of the Governor of a state, who cannot pardon sentences passed by a Court Martial.
The question asks about the limitations of the Governor's pardoning power under Article 161 of the Indian Constitution. We need to identify which type of case falls outside the Governor's jurisdiction.
D) Sentence passed by a Court Martial — The Governor's pardoning power under Article 161 extends only to offences against state laws. Sentences passed by a Court Martial relate to military law, which is a subject of the Union List, and thus falls under the exclusive pardoning power of the President of India (Article 72), not the Governor.