The question asks about the specific Article in the Indian Constitution that grants the President of India the power to pardon. This requires knowledge of the constitutional provisions related to the President's powers.
Correct Option: D) Article 72 of the Constitution of India grants the President the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit, or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense.
The question asks to identify the Article of the Indian Constitution that grants pardoning power to the Governor of a State. This requires knowledge of the specific articles related to the powers of the Governor and the President.
C) Article 161 provides for the pardoning power of the Governor of a State. This power allows the Governor to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment, or to suspend, remit, or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends.
The question asks to identify the Part of the Indian Constitution under which Article 72 falls. This requires knowledge of the structure of the Indian Constitution, specifically the division of articles into different Parts.
Correct Option: D) Part V — The Union
The question asks to identify the Part of the Indian Constitution that contains Article 161. To answer this, one needs to have knowledge of the structure of the Indian Constitution, specifically the distribution of articles across its various Parts.
C) Part VI — The States. Article 161 grants the Governor of a State the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends. This article is indeed located in Part VI of the Constitution, which deals with the States.
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT one of the pardoning powers of the President of India under Article 72 of the Constitution. We need to recall the specific terms and their meanings as defined in the Indian Constitution regarding the President's power to grant pardons.
Correct Option: D) Amnesty is not explicitly listed as one of the specific pardoning powers of the President under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. The powers mentioned are Pardon, Commutation, Remission, Respite, and Reprieve.
The question asks to identify the specific term used for substituting a punishment with a lighter form, such as converting a death sentence to rigorous imprisonment. This falls under the pardoning powers of the President or Governor in India.
D) Commutation — This refers to the substitution of one form of punishment for a lighter form. The example given in the question, converting a death sentence into rigorous imprisonment, is a classic instance of commutation.