B. Reservation under Article 16(4) was not permissible in matters of promotion, but only at the stage of initial appointment
16.
Which constitutional amendment was enacted by Parliament specifically to counter the Indra Sawhney ruling on reservation in promotions, by inserting Article 16(4A)?
Article 16(4A), inserted by the 77th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1995, specifically permits the State to provide reservation in matters of promotion for:
A.
Other Backward Classes only
B.
All categories of citizens equally, without distinction
C.
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, if they are not adequately represented in the services of the State
C. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, if they are not adequately represented in the services of the State
18.
In the Indra Sawhney judgment, did the Supreme Court accept economic criteria alone as a sufficient basis for identifying backward classes for reservation?
A.
Yes, but only for reservations exceeding 50 percent
B.
The Court declined to consider the question of economic criteria at all
C.
Yes; economic criteria alone were held to be fully sufficient
D.
No; the majority rejected economic backwardness alone as the sole determining criterion, though it could be an additional factor alongside social backwardness
D. No; the majority rejected economic backwardness alone as the sole determining criterion, though it could be an additional factor alongside social backwardness
