The question asks about Jan Ingenhousz's key discovery regarding photosynthesis. This requires knowledge of historical experiments in plant physiology.
Correct Option: C) Sunlight
The question asks to identify the scientist responsible for discovering the Calvin cycle, also known as the C3 pathway. This requires knowledge of the history of photosynthesis research.
Correct Option: C) Melvin Calvin is correctly identified as the discoverer of the Calvin cycle (C3 pathway).
This question tests knowledge about the specific locations of different stages of photosynthesis within a plant cell. Photosynthesis is divided into two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). Each stage occurs in a distinct part of the chloroplast.
Correct Option: D) Thylakoid membranes
The question asks for the correct overall chemical equation for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, in the form of glucose, from carbon dioxide and water. The equation must be balanced and correctly represent the reactants and products.
This equation correctly shows that 12 molecules of water are consumed, and 6 molecules of water are regenerated, meaning a net consumption of 6 water molecules, but explicitly showing the source of oxygen gas from water.
C) 6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O + 6O₂ is the most complete and accurate representation of the overall photosynthesis equation, correctly balancing all atoms and reflecting the origin of oxygen gas from water.
The question asks to identify the specific process by which water molecules are split during the light reactions of photosynthesis. We need to recall the key events of the light-dependent reactions.
D) Photolysis is the process where water molecules are split using light energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis. This process releases electrons, protons, and oxygen.
The question asks about the specific photosystem responsible for the photolysis (splitting) of water molecules during photosynthesis. This process is crucial for providing electrons to the electron transport chain and releasing oxygen.
Correct Option: D) Photosystem II (PS II) is directly involved in the splitting of water molecules (photolysis) to replace the electrons lost by its reaction center chlorophyll, P680.