The question asks about the primary structures responsible for the absorption of digested food in the small intestine. This requires knowledge of the anatomy and function of the small intestine.
Correct Option: D) Villi and microvilli
The question asks to identify the hormone responsible for stimulating gastric juice secretion. This requires knowledge of the various hormones involved in digestion and their specific functions.
Correct Option: D) Gastrin is a hormone secreted by the G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach. Its main function is to stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsinogen by the gastric glands, which are the primary components of gastric juice. It also promotes gastric motility.
The question asks to identify a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting. We need to recall the functions and solubility of the given vitamins.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in blood coagulation. It is essential for the synthesis of several proteins, including prothrombin and other clotting factors (factors VII, IX, and X), which are necessary for blood to clot properly.
The question asks to identify the specific part of the digestive system to which the appendix is attached. This requires knowledge of human anatomy, specifically the structure of the large intestine.
D) Caecum — The appendix, also known as the vermiform appendix, is a small, finger-shaped pouch that projects from the caecum, which is the beginning of the large intestine. It is considered a vestigial organ in humans, meaning it has largely lost its original function over evolutionary time.
The question asks to identify the specific part of the lung where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes place. This requires knowledge of the anatomy and function of the respiratory system.
Correct Option: C) Alveolus — The alveoli are tiny, thin-walled air sacs in the lungs, surrounded by capillaries. Their structure provides a large surface area and a short diffusion distance, making them the primary sites for the exchange of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
This question asks to identify a specific lung volume related to forced exhalation after a normal breath. Understanding the definitions of various lung volumes and capacities is key to answering this question.
B) Expiratory reserve volume is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal expiration. This is typically around 1000-1100 mL in an adult.