The question asks about the bonding structure of carbon atoms in diamond. To answer this, we need to recall the crystal structure and bonding characteristics of diamond, which is an allotrope of carbon.
Correct Option: C) Four
In diamond, each carbon atom is \(sp^3\) hybridized and forms four strong covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms, arranged tetrahedrally. This creates a rigid, three-dimensional network structure.
This question asks about the difference in electrical conductivity between graphite and diamond. The key to understanding this lies in their atomic structures and bonding, specifically the availability of free electrons for conduction.
C) Each carbon atom in graphite uses only 3 electrons for bonding, leaving one free electron for conduction. This statement accurately describes why graphite is a good conductor. The delocalized fourth electron per carbon atom allows for the flow of charge.
The question asks about the properties of graphite that make it suitable for use as a lubricant and as an electrode in dry cells. We need to identify the unique structural and electrical characteristics of graphite that enable these applications.
Correct Option: D) Slippery, layered structure and electrical conductivity
This option correctly identifies the two key properties of graphite that make it suitable for both lubrication and as an electrode. Its layered structure allows layers to slide past each other easily, making it an excellent solid lubricant. The presence of delocalized electrons within its structure makes it a good conductor of electricity, essential for its use as an electrode.
The question asks to identify the geometric shape that Buckminsterfullerene (C60) resembles. This requires knowledge of the structure of C60, which is a well-known allotrope of carbon.
C) A football (soccer ball) — The structure of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) is a truncated icosahedron, which is precisely the shape of a modern football (soccer ball), featuring a pattern of pentagons and hexagons.
The question asks to identify the allotrope of carbon characterized by a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb (hexagonal) lattice. We need to recall the structural properties of various carbon allotropes.
B) Graphene — Graphene is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal (honeycomb) lattice. It is known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity.
The question asks to identify the correct classification for amorphous forms of carbon like coal, coke, and charcoal. This requires understanding the basic properties of carbon allotropes and their structural characteristics.
B) Impure forms of carbon without a definite crystal structure. This option correctly identifies that these substances are primarily carbon, are not perfectly pure, and critically, lack the ordered, repeating atomic arrangement found in crystalline solids.