The question asks about the Mongol Empire's policy regarding skilled people from conquered territories. To answer this, one needs to recall the historical practices of the Mongol Empire concerning the integration of conquered populations, particularly those with valuable skills.
Correct Option: C) Such people were often spared and employed in Mongol service for their expertise. This option accurately reflects the historical practice of the Mongol Empire, which recognized the value of skilled individuals and integrated them into their administrative and economic structures.
The question asks about the political divisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan's death. Understanding the historical context of the Mongol succession and the nature of their administrative units is key to answering this question.
A) Khanates — After the death of Genghis Khan, his vast empire was eventually divided among his descendants into several regional territories, each ruled by a Khan. These were historically known as Khanates, such as the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Khanate, and the Ilkhanate.
The question asks to identify the Chinese dynasty founded by a grandson of Genghis Khan, which was a Mongol khanate ruling over China. This requires knowledge of Chinese dynastic history and the Mongol Empire's expansion.
B) Yuan Dynasty — Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, conquered the Song Dynasty in China and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271. This dynasty ruled China until 1368.
The question asks to identify the grandson of Genghis Khan who completed the conquest of China and was visited by Marco Polo. This requires knowledge of Mongol history, specifically the successors of Genghis Khan and their roles in the expansion and administration of the Mongol Empire, particularly in China.
Correct Option: D) Kublai Khan
The question asks to identify the Mongol khanate that controlled significant parts of Russia and Eastern Europe. This requires knowledge of the various Mongol successor states and their geographical influence.
C) Golden Horde: The Golden Horde was indeed the Mongol khanate that established and maintained control over large parts of Russia and Eastern Europe from the 13th to the 15th centuries. Its rule significantly impacted the political, social, and economic development of these regions.
The question asks to identify the grandson of Genghis Khan who led the Mongol conquest of Persia (Iran) and Baghdad, which resulted in the end of the Abbasid Caliphate. This requires knowledge of key figures in Mongol history and their specific campaigns.
Hulagu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, led the Mongol invasion of the Middle East in the mid-13th century. His campaigns included the conquest of Persia and the infamous siege and sack of Baghdad in 1258, which marked the definitive end of the Abbasid Caliphate.
A) Hulagu Khan — Hulagu Khan was indeed the Mongol leader who conquered Persia and sacked Baghdad in 1258, effectively ending the Abbasid Caliphate. He established the Ilkhanate in the region.