The question asks for the central philosophical concept of Mahatma Gandhi that combines steadfast adherence to truth with non-violent resistance to injustice. We need to identify the term that encapsulates both these aspects from the given options.
Correct Option: A) Satyagraha is Mahatma Gandhi's central philosophical concept that refers to steadfast adherence to truth (Satya) and non-violent resistance (Ahimsa) to injustice. It is a unique term coined by him to describe his method of struggle.
The question asks for the meaning of the word 'Agraha' in the context of 'Satyagraha'. 'Satyagraha' is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi, and understanding its components is key to grasping its philosophy.
Correct Option: B) Firmness/insistence. The term 'Satyagraha' translates to 'insistence on truth' or 'holding fast to truth'. Therefore, 'Agraha' means firmness or insistence.
The question asks to identify the correct meaning of Mahatma Gandhi's principle of 'Ahimsa'. This requires understanding the core tenets of Gandhian philosophy, particularly his interpretation and application of non-violence.
Correct Option: A) Non-violence in thought, word, and deed towards all living beings. This option accurately captures the comprehensive and profound meaning of Ahimsa as propagated by Mahatma Gandhi. It includes mental, verbal, and physical aspects of non-violence and extends it to all forms of life, reflecting his deep reverence for life and universal love.
The question asks about Mahatma Gandhi's understanding of Ahimsa (non-violence). Gandhi famously advocated Ahimsa not as a passive surrender but as an active force requiring immense strength. We need to identify the option that best reflects this core principle of his philosophy.
Correct Option: B) Great courage and inner strength to resist injustice without resorting to violence
This option correctly encapsulates Gandhi's philosophy. He viewed Ahimsa not as a sign of weakness or passivity, but as a powerful and active force requiring immense moral fortitude and courage to confront and resist injustice without resorting to physical aggression. It was a weapon of the brave, not the timid.
The question asks about Mahatma Gandhi's comprehensive understanding of 'Swaraj'. It's important to recall that Gandhi's philosophy was holistic, extending beyond mere political freedom to include individual and societal transformation.
Correct Option: D) Self-rule at the individual level, including self-discipline and moral self-governance
The question asks about the primary motivation behind Mahatma Gandhi's advocacy of 'Swadeshi' and the boycott of foreign goods, particularly British textiles. Understanding the historical context of India's colonial period and Gandhi's philosophy is key to answering this question.
C) Economic self-reliance and protest against colonial exploitation. Gandhi's Swadeshi movement was fundamentally about empowering Indians economically by promoting local industries and reducing dependence on foreign goods, thereby challenging the economic exploitation inherent in British colonial rule. It was a powerful tool of non-violent resistance.