The question asks about the dual purpose behind Mahatma Gandhi's promotion of hand-spinning using the charkha. We need to identify who primarily benefited from the supplementary income aspect of this initiative, in addition to its symbolic value of self-reliance.
Correct Option: B) Rural poor, particularly during periods when agricultural work was scarce. Gandhi's promotion of the charkha was a strategic move to empower the rural population, offering them a means to produce their own cloth and earn supplementary income, especially when agricultural work was unavailable. This directly addressed poverty and fostered economic self-reliance in villages.
The question asks about Mahatma Gandhi's concept of 'Trusteeship'. This concept is a core part of his socio-economic philosophy, advocating for a moral and ethical approach to wealth and property. We need to identify the primary beneficiary of this 'trust' according to Gandhi.
Correct Option: A) The benefit and welfare of society as a whole
The question asks about Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy regarding the relationship between 'means' and 'ends'. This is a core tenet of Gandhian thought, emphasizing ethical conduct in all actions.
Correct Option: C) Just and moral ends could only be achieved through equally just and moral means
This option perfectly encapsulates Gandhi's philosophy. He maintained that there is an inviolable connection between means and ends, and that moral ends cannot be attained through immoral means. The purity of the means determines the purity of the end.
The question asks for the meaning of the term 'Harijans' as coined by Mahatma Gandhi to refer to those affected by untouchability. This requires knowledge of historical terms used by Gandhi in his social reform movements.
Correct Option: D) Children of God
The question asks about Mahatma Gandhi's vision of an ideal society, often referred to as 'Ram Rajya'. To answer this, one needs to understand the core principles and values Gandhi associated with this concept.
Correct Option: B) Justice, morality, and the welfare of all citizens, inspired by ideals of righteous governance
Gandhi's 'Ram Rajya' was a secular ideal of perfect democracy based on moral authority, where justice, equality, and the well-being of every individual, particularly the poor and marginalized, were paramount. It was a vision of righteous governance, not a religious or authoritarian state.
The question asks about Mahatma Gandhi's view on the relationship between major religions, specifically focusing on his philosophy of religious tolerance and harmony. To answer this, one must recall Gandhi's core beliefs regarding spirituality, interfaith relations, and universal values.
Correct Option: C) A shared core of truth and moral values, deserving of mutual respect