The question asks about the inspiration behind Mahatma Gandhi's concept of 'Sarvodaya'. This requires knowledge of Gandhi's intellectual influences, specifically which British writer's work significantly shaped his ideas of universal uplift.
Correct Option: D) John Ruskin (the book 'Unto This Last')
The question asks about the individual who primarily carried forward the Sarvodaya movement after Mahatma Gandhi's death. This requires knowledge of key figures associated with Gandhian philosophy and post-independence social movements in India.
Based on this analysis, Vinoba Bhave is the most appropriate answer.
Correct Option: A) Vinoba Bhave was Mahatma Gandhi's spiritual successor and the principal exponent of the Sarvodaya movement after Gandhi's death. He initiated the Bhoodan (land gift) and Gramdan (village gift) movements, which were practical applications of Sarvodaya principles, aiming for a non-violent social and economic revolution.
The question asks about the primary objective of the Bhoodan Movement initiated by Vinoba Bhave. This movement was a significant post-independence land reform initiative in India, focusing on voluntary action rather than state coercion.
Correct Option: B) Voluntarily donate a portion of their land for redistribution to the landless poor
The question asks for the present-day state where Pochampally, the village where the Bhoodan Movement was launched, is located. This requires knowledge of Indian history and geography, specifically the origins of the Bhoodan Movement and the geographical reorganisation of states.
Correct Option: C) Andhra Pradesh/Telangana
Pochampally, where Vinoba Bhave launched the Bhoodan Movement in April 1951, was originally part of the Nalgonda district in the erstwhile Hyderabad State. After the linguistic reorganization of states, it became part of Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, the state of Telangana was formed, and Pochampally (now officially known as Bhoodan Pochampally) is located in the Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district of Telangana. Therefore, the option combining Andhra Pradesh/Telangana correctly represents its location in the context of state reorganizations.
The question asks about the historical context and immediate precursors to Vinoba Bhave's Bhoodan Movement, specifically linking it to socio-economic unrest in the Telangana region. We need to identify which major historical event directly fueled this unrest and thus prompted the Bhoodan Movement.
Correct Option: A) The Telangana armed peasant uprising (1946-1951) was a significant communist-led rebellion against feudal oppression and land exploitation in the Hyderabad State (including the Telangana region). This violent uprising highlighted the severe land inequality and socio-economic injustices faced by peasants. Vinoba Bhave initiated the Bhoodan Movement in 1951, shortly after the suppression of this uprising, as a non-violent, constructive alternative to address the very land issues that had fueled the armed rebellion. His movement aimed to bring about land reform through voluntary donations, thereby preventing future conflicts.
The question asks about the primary method used by Vinoba Bhave for the Bhoodan Movement. This requires knowledge of the historical context and the specific techniques employed by Bhave.
D) Extensive padayatra (walking tours) across villages, appealing directly to landowners' conscience
This option accurately describes the primary and most characteristic method employed by Vinoba Bhave in the Bhoodan Movement. He walked thousands of miles across India, engaging directly with people and appealing to their sense of social justice and compassion to secure land donations.