The question asks about the European power that sponsored John Cabot's exploration of North America. To answer this, one needs to recall historical facts about the Age of Exploration and the specific voyages of John Cabot.
D) England – John Cabot received a royal patent from King Henry VII of England and conducted his explorations of North America on behalf of the English crown, laying the groundwork for future English claims in the region.
The question asks about the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) and which two European powers it divided newly discovered lands between. This requires knowledge of European colonial history, specifically the early period of exploration and expansion.
C) Spain and Portugal – The Treaty of Tordesillas was a landmark agreement signed in 1494 between the Kingdom of Castile (Spain) and the Kingdom of Portugal. It aimed to resolve disputes arising from their respective explorations and claims by dividing the newly discovered lands outside Europe along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands. Lands to the east of this line would belong to Portugal, and lands to the west to Spain.
The question asks about the sponsor of Vasco da Gama's famous voyage to India. This is a historical fact related to the Age of Discovery and European exploration.
Correct Option: D) Portugal
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer, and his historic voyage to India was sponsored by King Manuel I of Portugal. This expedition was crucial in establishing Portugal's maritime empire and direct trade with India.
The question asks to identify the Portuguese explorer credited with the discovery of Brazil in 1500. This requires knowledge of key historical figures in the Age of Discovery and their respective achievements.
Historical records confirm that Pedro Álvares Cabral, while leading a fleet to India, veered west and landed on the coast of what is now Brazil in April 1500, claiming it for Portugal.
Correct Option: A) Pedro Álvares Cabral is widely credited with the European discovery of Brazil in 1500. He was leading a Portuguese fleet bound for India when he accidentally landed on the South American coast.
The question asks to identify the empire conquered by Hernán Cortés. This requires knowledge of historical figures and the major empires they interacted with during the Age of Exploration.
Correct Option: B) The Aztec Empire
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large parts of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
The question asks to identify the South American empire conquered by Francisco Pizarro. This requires knowledge of key historical figures and the civilizations they interacted with during the Age of Exploration.
Correct Option: C) The Inca Empire
Francisco Pizarro is famously known for his conquest of the Inca Empire, which was located in the Andean region of South America.