This question tests knowledge of the Indian Constitution and the roles of various constitutional functionaries, specifically regarding the administration of oaths to Union Ministers.
C) President. As per Article 75(4) of the Indian Constitution, the President administers the oaths of office and secrecy to the Union Ministers.
The question asks to identify the category of ministers who can either hold independent charge of a ministry or department or work under a Cabinet Minister. This refers to the different tiers within the Council of Ministers in India.
Correct Option: B) Ministers of State
The question asks to identify the Cabinet Committee that is often referred to as a 'Super-Cabinet' due to its extensive influence. We need to evaluate the roles and responsibilities of each given Cabinet Committee to determine which one fits this description.
Correct Option: C) Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs — This committee is considered the most powerful and influential among all Cabinet Committees. It handles all policy matters related to domestic and foreign affairs, economic issues, and parliamentary affairs, effectively making it a 'Super-Cabinet' due to its wide-ranging decision-making powers.
The question asks to identify the constitutional article that prevents courts from examining the nature of advice given by ministers to the President. This is a fundamental aspect of the parliamentary system in India, ensuring the confidentiality and sanctity of ministerial advice.
C) Article 74(2) — This article explicitly states that "the question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court." This provision safeguards the confidentiality of the advice given by the Council of Ministers to the President, which is a cornerstone of parliamentary democracy.
The question asks about the subject matter of Article 77 of the Indian Constitution. To answer this, one needs to recall the specific provisions of Article 77.
Correct Option: C) Conduct of business of the Government of India. Article 77(1) states that all executive action of the Government of India shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President. Article 77(3) empowers the President to make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the Government of India, and for the allocation among Ministers of the said business.
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT a duty of the Prime Minister according to Article 78 of the Indian Constitution. We need to recall the provisions of Article 78 which define the duties of the Prime Minister in relation to the President.
B) Submissions to the Parliament — Article 78 enumerates the duties of the Prime Minister specifically concerning their relationship and communication with the President. While the Prime Minister is the leader of the Lok Sabha and makes numerous submissions and statements to Parliament, this particular duty is not listed under Article 78 as one of the PM's obligations to the President.