The question asks about the constitutional amendment that granted constitutional status to municipalities in India. This requires knowledge of major constitutional amendments related to local self-governance.
Correct Option: D) The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, passed in 1992, gave constitutional status to municipalities in India. It added Part IX-A (The Municipalities) and the Twelfth Schedule to the Constitution, dealing with the powers, authority, and responsibilities of municipalities.
The question asks to identify the historical document or resolution considered the 'Magna Carta' of local self-government in India. This requires knowledge of key administrative reforms during the British Raj concerning local governance.
Correct Option: C) Lord Ripon’s Resolution of 1882 is famously known as the 'Magna Carta' of local self-government in India. It aimed to decentralize administration, promote political education, and develop local bodies from nominated to elected institutions, giving them more power and responsibility.
The question asks to identify the correct statements regarding the Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) in India. We need to evaluate each statement based on the constitutional provisions and functions of MPCs.
Based on the analysis, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect.
A) 1 and 2 only
The question asks about the bodies responsible for reviewing independent regulators in India. We need to identify which of the given options have a role in parliamentary oversight or review of these regulatory bodies.
A) 1 and 2
Both Ad Hoc Committees set up by Parliament and Parliamentary Department Related Standing Committees are mechanisms through which the Parliament exercises oversight and reviews the functioning of independent regulators. Ad hoc committees can be formed for specific investigations, while standing committees provide continuous scrutiny.
The question asks for the year when the first municipal corporation in India was established. This is a factual question related to the history of local self-governance in India.
Correct Option: B) 1688
The first municipal corporation in India was established in Madras in 1688. This was a significant step towards local self-governance in the country, initiated by the British East India Company.
The question asks about the appointing authority for the municipal commissioner in a municipal corporation. This falls under the domain of local self-governance in India, specifically urban local bodies. Understanding the structure and administration of municipal corporations is key to answering this question.
C) State Government — The Municipal Commissioner, being the chief executive and administrative head of a municipal corporation, is appointed by the State Government. This is because urban local bodies fall under the purview of state governments in India, and the state government is responsible for deputing senior administrative officers to these positions.