The question asks to identify the articles of the Indian Constitution that specifically deal with Legislative Relations between the Centre and States. This requires knowledge of the structure and distribution of powers outlined in the Constitution.
A) Articles 245 to 255 — These articles are indeed part of Chapter I of Part XI of the Indian Constitution, which exclusively deals with the legislative relations between the Centre and the States. They cover aspects like the extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States, subject matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States, power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest, power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent, and so on.
The question asks to identify which provisions of the Indian Constitution have a bearing on education. We need to examine each listed provision and determine its relevance to education.
D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
All the listed provisions (Directive Principles of State Policy, Rural and Urban Local Bodies, Fifth Schedule, Sixth Schedule, and Seventh Schedule) have a direct or indirect bearing on education in India, as explained above.
This question tests knowledge of the distribution of legislative powers between the Union (central) government and state governments in India, as outlined in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The Seventh Schedule contains three lists: the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, which define the subjects on which the Union Parliament, state legislatures, or both, can legislate.
Correct Option: B) State List
The question asks about the historical act that served as the basis for the distribution of powers between the Centre and the States in the Indian Constitution. This requires knowledge of major constitutional developments during British rule in India.
Correct Option: C) The Government of India Act, 1935, was a landmark legislation that introduced a federal system in India, proposing a division of powers between the Centre (Federal Government) and the provinces (States). It provided for three lists for the distribution of legislative powers: the Federal List, the Provincial List, and the Concurrent List. This scheme of power distribution was largely adopted by the Constitution of India, 1950, with some modifications. Therefore, it is the direct precursor to the current distribution of powers.
The question asks about the authority responsible for making extraterritorial legislation applicable to Indian citizens and their property worldwide. This pertains to the legislative powers of different government bodies in India, specifically concerning laws that extend beyond the country's physical borders.
B) Parliament. As per Article 245(2) of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has the exclusive power to enact laws that have extraterritorial operation, meaning they can apply to Indian citizens and their property worldwide.
The question asks to identify the constitutional amendment responsible for moving the subject of education from the State List to the Concurrent List. This requires knowledge of significant constitutional amendments and their impact on the distribution of legislative powers in India.
B) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — This amendment transferred five subjects, including education, from the State List to the Concurrent List, allowing both the Central and State governments to legislate on these matters.