The question asks about a specific constitutional provision related to the welfare of tribal populations in states with tribal areas. This requires knowledge of the Indian Constitution, specifically provisions related to scheduled areas and tribal administration.
Correct Option: B) Tribal Advisory Councils. The Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution mandates the establishment of Tribal Advisory Councils in each state having Scheduled Areas. These councils are tasked with advising on matters concerning the welfare and advancement of Scheduled Tribes.
The question asks about the authority responsible for appointing a Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to oversee the implementation of safeguards. This relates to constitutional provisions and the roles of various government functionaries in India.
A) President: The President of India is the constitutional head and is empowered to appoint such high-level constitutional functionaries, including the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, as per Article 338 of the Constitution.
The question asks about the period when funding for tribal welfare significantly increased. This requires knowledge of the historical evolution of tribal welfare policies and funding mechanisms in India.
D) 1971 — The period after 1971, particularly with the introduction of the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) during the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1979), saw a significant increase and a more structured approach to funding for tribal welfare. Therefore, 1971 marks the time just before this major shift and increase in funding.
The question asks to identify the major handicap faced by tribal communities due to their unfamiliarity with laws and the legal system. We need to consider which of the given options is most directly and severely impacted by a lack of legal understanding.
Correct Option: C) Justice — Unfamiliarity with laws and the legal system directly hinders tribal communities from accessing their legal rights, seeking redress for grievances, and participating effectively in legal processes, thereby denying them justice.
The question describes a scenario where certain laws and regulations are misused by corrupt officials to exploit tribal people. We need to identify which type of laws are most relevant to the interaction between forest officials and tribal communities.
Correct Option: A) Forest laws and regulations are also used by unsympathetic and often corrupt forest officials to harass and exploit the tribal people.
The question describes a scenario where tribal people lose land, face deforestation, and have restricted access to forests. We need to identify the most direct and significant consequence of these actions on their lives from the given options.
B) Unemployment — Loss of land, deforestation, and restrictions on forest access directly deprive tribal people of their traditional means of livelihood, such as farming, hunting, and gathering forest produce. This leads to a significant lack of employment opportunities and economic hardship.