Evolution and Ecological Biodiversity CDS Questions

Evolution and Ecological Biodiversity MCQ Questions

7.
Neo-Darwinism, also called the Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution, regards which of the following as the principal raw material upon which natural selection acts?
A.
Divine design
B.
Use and disuse of organs
C.
Acquired characters developed during an organism's lifetime
D.
Genetic variations arising from mutation and recombination
ANSWER :
D. Genetic variations arising from mutation and recombination
8.
Among the various lines of evidence for evolution, fossils found embedded in sedimentary rock layers are regarded as which type of evidence?
A.
Evidence from comparative anatomy
B.
Direct (palaeontological) evidence
C.
Evidence from comparative embryology
D.
Biochemical evidence
ANSWER :
B. Direct (palaeontological) evidence
9.
Archaeopteryx, a Jurassic-period fossil possessing feathers and wings like a bird along with reptilian teeth, a long bony tail and clawed fingers, is regarded as a connecting link between:
A.
Fish and amphibians
B.
Amphibians and reptiles
C.
Mammals and reptiles
D.
Reptiles and birds
ANSWER :
D. Reptiles and birds
10.
Which classic laboratory experiment demonstrated that simple organic molecules, including amino acids, could be synthesised spontaneously from inorganic gases under conditions simulating the primitive Earth's atmosphere?
A.
Hershey-Chase experiment
B.
Miller-Urey experiment
C.
Mendel's pea-plant experiment
D.
Griffith's transformation experiment
ANSWER :
B. Miller-Urey experiment
11.
Organs that have a different structural and developmental origin in two species but perform a similar function due to adaptation to similar habitats (for example, the wings of insects and the wings of birds) are called:
A.
Connecting links
B.
Vestigial organs
C.
Analogous organs
D.
Homologous organs
ANSWER :
C. Analogous organs
12.
The forelimbs of a frog, a lizard, a bird and a human have a similar underlying bone arrangement, despite being adapted for very different functions such as walking, flying, and grasping. Such organs are termed:
A.
Homologous organs
B.
Convergent structures
C.
Vestigial organs
D.
Analogous organs
ANSWER :
A. Homologous organs