Evolution and Ecological Biodiversity CDS Questions

Evolution and Ecological Biodiversity MCQ Questions

13.
According to the Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution, evolution is most accurately defined as a change occurring at the level of a population, specifically a change in its:
A.
Gene (allele) frequency across successive generations
B.
Geographic habitat
C.
Individual phenotype within a single generation
D.
Climatic adaptation only
ANSWER :
A. Gene (allele) frequency across successive generations
14.
The human vermiform appendix, which was functional and larger in herbivorous ancestors but is reduced and largely non-functional in modern humans, is an example of a/an:
A.
Homologous organ only
B.
Vestigial organ
C.
Connecting link
D.
Analogous organ
ANSWER :
B. Vestigial organ
15.
The hypothesis proposing that life originated from non-living organic and inorganic molecules through a gradual process of chemical evolution on early Earth was independently put forward by:
A.
Charles Darwin and A. R. Wallace
B.
Hugo de Vries and T. H. Morgan
C.
A. I. Oparin and J. B. S. Haldane
D.
Gregor Mendel and Carl Correns
ANSWER :
C. A. I. Oparin and J. B. S. Haldane
16.
The increase in frequency of dark-coloured (melanic) peppered moths (Biston betularia) in soot-darkened, polluted industrial regions of England, compared to light-coloured moths, is a classic example of:
A.
Industrial melanism (natural selection in action)
B.
Genetic drift
C.
Sympatric speciation
D.
Founder effect
ANSWER :
A. Industrial melanism (natural selection in action)
17.
When two populations of a species become physically separated by a barrier such as a mountain range, river or ocean, preventing gene flow between them and eventually leading to the formation of new species, the process is called:
A.
Adaptive radiation
B.
Allopatric speciation
C.
Convergent evolution
D.
Sympatric speciation
ANSWER :
B. Allopatric speciation
18.
The diversification of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands into species with different beak shapes and sizes suited to different food sources, all from a single common ancestor, is the best example of:
A.
Industrial melanism
B.
Adaptive radiation
C.
Genetic drift
D.
Convergent evolution
ANSWER :
B. Adaptive radiation