The question asks to identify the writer who first popularized the 'Safety Valve' theory regarding the origin of the Indian National Congress. This theory suggests that the INC was formed by the British to provide a safe outlet for the growing discontent among Indians, thereby preventing a large-scale rebellion.
Correct Option: C) Lala Lajpat Rai was the first to popularize the 'Safety Valve' theory in his book "Young India" (1916).
The question asks to identify the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress. This requires knowledge of the history of the Indian National Congress and its early presidents.
Correct Option: C) Badruddin Tyabji became the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress. He presided over the third session of the Indian National Congress in Madras in 1887.
The question asks to identify the first English/British President of the Indian National Congress. This requires knowledge of the early history of the Indian National Congress and its presidents.
A) George Yule was the first non-Indian (and thus the first English/British) President of the Indian National Congress. He presided over the fourth session held in Allahabad in 1888.
The question asks about the immediate predecessor organization to the Indian National Congress, specifically one proposed by A.O. Hume. To answer this, one needs to recall the historical context of the formation of the INC and the role of A.O. Hume.
C) Indian National Union — A.O. Hume initially proposed and formed the Indian National Union in 1884. This organization was intended to be a platform for political dialogue among educated Indians. It was this very organization that was subsequently renamed and formally launched as the Indian National Congress at its first session in Bombay in December 1885.
The question asks to identify the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress (INC) in its founding year, 1885. This requires knowledge of the key figures involved in the establishment of the INC.
Correct Option: D) A.O. Hume was the founder of the Indian National Congress and served as its first General Secretary from 1885.
The question asks to identify which of the given options was NOT an early objective of the Indian National Congress (INC). To answer this, we need to recall the initial goals and demands of the INC during its formative years (1885-1905), often referred to as the Moderate phase.
D) Immediate complete independence from British rule. The early Indian National Congress, dominated by Moderates, did not seek immediate complete independence. Their demands were for constitutional reforms, greater Indian representation in administration, and self-government within the British Empire. The call for 'Purna Swaraj' (complete independence) came much later, in 1929.