The question asks about the specific mountain pass Muhammad Ghori used for his initial invasion of India in 1175. This requires knowledge of historical geography and the routes taken by invaders into the Indian subcontinent.
C) Gomal Pass — Muhammad Ghori indeed used the Gomal Pass for his first invasion of India in 1175, targeting Multan.
The question asks about a specific historical event: Muhammad Ghori's capture of Uchch and the Rajput group he conquered there. To answer this, one needs knowledge of medieval Indian history, specifically the campaigns of Muhammad Ghori.
Correct Option: C) Bhatti Rajputs — Muhammad Ghori captured Uchch (in Upper Sindh) from the Bhatti Rajputs in 1175 CE. This was one of his early conquests in India before his major confrontations with the Chauhan Rajputs.
The question asks for the year when Muhammad Ghori suffered a significant defeat at Anhilwara (Battle of Kayadara) in Gujarat. This requires knowledge of key historical battles and their dates involving Muhammad Ghori in India.
Correct Option: A) 1178 CE — Muhammad Ghori was defeated by the Solanki forces led by Queen Naiki Devi at the Battle of Kayadara near Anhilwara in Gujarat in 1178 CE. This was one of his earliest and most significant defeats in India.
The question asks to identify the Rajput ruler who defeated Muhammad Ghori at Anhilwara (Mount Abu) in 1178 CE. This requires knowledge of medieval Indian history, specifically the invasions of Muhammad Ghori and the resistance offered by various Rajput dynasties.
Correct Option: C) Bhima II of the Chalukya (Solanki) dynasty. In 1178 CE, Muhammad Ghori attempted to invade Gujarat. He was decisively defeated near Anhilwara (modern-day Patan) by the Chalukya (Solanki) forces led by Queen Naikidevi, the mother of the young ruler Bhima II. This was one of Muhammad Ghori's earliest and most significant defeats in India.
The question asks about Muhammad Ghori's strategic shift after his defeat at Anhilwara. This requires knowledge of his campaigns and the political landscape of India during that period.
D) Punjab (by uprooting the Ghaznavids) – After his defeat in Gujarat, Muhammad Ghori understood the need for a secure base within India. He turned his attention to Punjab, which was then under the control of the Ghaznavids, his dynastic rivals. By conquering Punjab, he eliminated a rival power and established a strong strategic foothold for his future campaigns into the Indian subcontinent.
The question asks for the specific year Muhammad Ghori captured Peshawar from the Ghaznavids. This requires knowledge of the timeline of Muhammad Ghori's campaigns in India and against the Ghaznavid Empire.
Correct Option: D) 1179 CE — Muhammad Ghori captured Peshawar from the Ghaznavids in 1179 CE. This was a crucial step in his conquest of the Ghaznavid territories before his major campaigns into India.