The question asks about the historical figure whose deposition Indian Muslims sought to prevent. This refers to a significant movement in Indian history related to the Caliphate. We need to identify the specific ruler who held the title of Caliph and was the focus of this movement.
Correct Option: C) The Sultan of Turkey, who was regarded as the Caliph of Islam. This option correctly identifies the Sultan of Turkey (Ottoman Sultan) as the Khalifa whose position Indian Muslims sought to protect during the Khilafat Movement.
The question asks to identify the specific movement of Indian Muslims that involved migration (Hijrat) to Afghanistan during the Khilafat agitation. We need to recall the historical context of the Khilafat Movement and associated events.
Correct Option: D) The Hijrat Movement of 1920 is the correct answer. This movement directly involved the migration of Indian Muslims to Afghanistan during the Khilafat agitation, driven by religious injunctions to leave British-ruled India.
The question asks about a significant outcome of the Khilafat Movement. To answer this, we need to recall the primary objectives and consequences of this movement in the context of the Indian national struggle.
Correct Option: A) It brought about Hindu-Muslim unity for the first time on a large scale in the national movement. This is accurate because the Khilafat Movement, especially through its alliance with the Non-Cooperation Movement, created a period of significant Hindu-Muslim cooperation against British rule, which was a novel and impactful development in the Indian freedom struggle.
The question asks to identify the Indian nationalist movement with which the Mappila (Moplah) Rebellion of 1921 was associated. To answer this, we need to recall the timeline of major movements and their concurrent events.
B) The Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement. The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 occurred during the peak of the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements. The Mappilas were initially inspired by the calls for non-cooperation against the British, and the local Khilafat committees played a significant role in mobilizing them. The rebellion was, in its early stages, an agrarian revolt against oppressive landlordism and British rule, fueled by the anti-British sentiment generated by these national movements.
The question asks to identify the Indian leader who advised Mahatma Gandhi against integrating the Khilafat issue with the national movement. This requires knowledge of key historical figures and their stances during the Khilafat Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement in India.
D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah warned Gandhi not to associate the Khilafat issue with the national movement. He believed in secular politics and felt that Gandhi's approach would lead to communal divisions rather than unity.
The question asks for the literal meaning of the term 'Khilafat'. This requires knowledge of Islamic terminology and history, particularly the concept of the Caliphate.
C) The institution of Caliphate / successor to the Prophet — This option correctly defines 'Khilafat' as the institution of the Caliphate, which represents the succession to the Prophet Muhammad's leadership.