The question asks about the specific effect of a 'Pardon' granted under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. To answer this, one must understand the distinct meanings and implications of the different pardoning powers of the President of India.
B) It removes both the sentence and the conviction and absolves the convict from all sentences, punishments and disqualifications
This option accurately describes the effect of a 'Pardon'. A pardon is a complete acquittal, wiping out the conviction and restoring the individual's civil rights as if no offense had ever been committed.
The question asks about the scope of the President's pardoning power under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. We need to identify which types of sentences the President can pardon, commute, remit, respite, or reprieve. This requires knowledge of the specific provisions of Article 72.
Correct Option: B) Cases of sentence by court-martial, sentence under Union law, and all death sentences
This option correctly encapsulates all three aspects of the President's pardoning power as enumerated in Article 72 of the Constitution. The President can pardon sentences awarded by court-martial, sentences for offences against Union laws, and all death sentences, regardless of whether they are under Union or State law.
The question asks about the authority empowered to grant pardon to a person sentenced by a court-martial. This falls under the pardoning powers provided by the Indian Constitution to specific constitutional offices.
D) The President of India is the only authority among the given options who can grant pardon to a person sentenced by a court-martial, as explicitly stated in Article 72 of the Indian Constitution.
The question asks to identify the correct difference between the pardoning powers of the President (Article 72) and the Governor (Article 161) under the Indian Constitution. We need to compare the scope of their powers, specifically regarding death sentences, court-martial sentences, and offenses against Union/State laws.
C) The President can pardon court-martial sentences and death sentences while the Governor cannot. This statement is correct. Article 72 explicitly grants the President the power to pardon sentences by court-martial and all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death. Article 161 does not grant the Governor these specific powers. The Governor can only suspend, remit, or commute a death sentence, but cannot pardon it entirely. The Governor also has no jurisdiction over court-martial sentences.
The question asks about the Governor's power to pardon a death sentence under Article 161 of the Indian Constitution. This requires knowledge of the specific powers granted to the Governor and the President regarding pardons.
Correct Option: B) No, only the President under Article 72 can pardon a death sentence. This is the correct statement as the power to pardon a death sentence is an exclusive power of the President of India under Article 72, not the Governor.
The question asks about the limitations or non-affecting clauses related to the President's pardoning power, specifically concerning death sentence cases, as per Article 72(3) of the Indian Constitution. We need to identify which of the given options is explicitly stated as not being affected by the President's power.
Correct Option: C) The power of the Governor of a State to suspend, remit or commute a sentence of death under any law in force