This question tests knowledge of significant Constitutional Amendments in India, specifically the one related to the voting age. It requires recalling the specific amendment number and its year.
Correct Option: D) 61st Amendment Act, 1988
The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act of 1988 reduced the voting age for elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative Assemblies of States from 21 years to 18 years. This was a significant step towards greater youth participation in the democratic process.
The question asks about the authority empowered by Article 327 of the Indian Constitution to make provisions regarding elections to the Union and State Legislatures, including electoral rolls and delimitation of constituencies. We need to identify the specific body or institution mentioned in this Article.
B) Parliament — Article 327 explicitly grants the power to make laws regarding elections to the Union and State Legislatures, including electoral rolls and delimitation, to the Parliament.
The question asks about the scope of a State Legislature's power to make laws regarding elections to its own legislature, specifically in areas not covered by another authority. This requires knowledge of the constitutional provisions related to elections in India, particularly Article 328.
Correct Option: B) Parliament
Article 328 explicitly states that a State Legislature can make laws regarding elections to its own legislature only in matters not covered by a law made by Parliament. This establishes the supremacy of parliamentary law in this domain.
The question asks about the specific exception to Article 329 of the Indian Constitution, which generally bars courts from interfering in electoral matters. We need to identify the constitutionally prescribed method for challenging election disputes.
D) An election petition presented to the appropriate authority as provided by law made by the legislature. This option accurately describes the exception laid down in Article 329(b) of the Indian Constitution. It specifies that disputes arising out of elections can only be challenged through an election petition, and not through ordinary court proceedings, with the authority and procedure for such petitions being determined by law made by the legislature.
The question asks about the composition of the Election Commission as per Article 324(2) of the Indian Constitution. To answer this, one must recall the specific provisions of this article regarding the number of Election Commissioners.
A) Such number of other Election Commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix — This option directly reflects the wording and intent of Article 324(2) of the Indian Constitution. The President has the power to determine the number of Election Commissioners other than the Chief Election Commissioner.
The question asks about the structure of the Election Commission of India (ECI) from its establishment until October 1989. To answer this, one needs to recall the historical evolution of the ECI's composition.
C) Single-member body, with only the Chief Election Commissioner — This is correct. From 1950 to October 1989, the Election Commission of India was a single-member body, headed solely by the Chief Election Commissioner.