The question asks for the year in which the 86th Amendment Act, which added the 11th Fundamental Duty, was passed. This requires knowledge of significant constitutional amendments in India, specifically those related to Fundamental Duties.
Correct Option: B) 2002. The 86th Amendment Act, which added the 11th Fundamental Duty, was passed in 2002. This amendment also made elementary education a fundamental right (Article 21A).
The question asks about the fate of a specific recommendation made by the Swaran Singh Committee regarding Fundamental Duties. To answer this, one needs to recall the committee's recommendations and how they were incorporated (or not incorporated) into the Indian Constitution.
D) Not accepted or incorporated into the Constitution — The Swaran Singh Committee indeed recommended that Parliament should be empowered to provide for the imposition of such penalty or punishment as may be considered appropriate for any non-compliance with or refusal to observe any of the duties. However, this specific recommendation was not accepted by the government and was not incorporated into the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable.
The question asks for the common term used by constitutional scholars to refer to the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, given its significant changes, including the introduction of Fundamental Duties. We need to identify the most appropriate description among the given options.
Correct Option: D) 'Mini-Constitution', owing to the extensive changes it introduced
The question asks to identify the committee constituted in 1998 to suggest practical ways of operationalising the Fundamental Duties. This requires knowledge of committees related to Fundamental Duties in India and their specific mandates and timelines.
Correct Option: B) The Justice J.S. Verma Committee
The Justice J.S. Verma Committee was constituted in 1998 to suggest practical ways of operationalising the Fundamental Duties. The committee identified the existence of legal provisions for the implementation of some of the Fundamental Duties.
The question asks about a specific recommendation made by the Justice Verma Committee regarding an additional fundamental duty. To answer this, one needs to recall the context and recommendations of this committee, particularly concerning civic responsibilities.
Correct Option: C) The duty to vote in elections and actively participate in the democratic process
The question asks about the purpose of including Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution, specifically how they relate to Fundamental Rights. The core idea is to understand the balance between rights and responsibilities in a democratic society.
Correct Option: A) Duties and responsibilities towards the nation. The Fundamental Duties serve as a constant reminder that the enjoyment of Fundamental Rights is intrinsically linked to the performance of corresponding duties and responsibilities towards the nation.