The question asks about the specific Constitutional Amendment that added the phrase 'unity and integrity of the Nation' to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. This requires knowledge of significant amendments and their impact on the Preamble.
Correct Option: B) The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. This amendment, also known as the 'Mini-Constitution', made significant changes to the Indian Constitution, including the addition of 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' to the Preamble. Specifically, the word 'integrity' was added, changing "unity of the Nation" to "unity and integrity of the Nation."
The question asks to identify the specific Fundamental Duty that mandates citizens to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India. This requires knowledge of Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, which lists the Fundamental Duties.
A) Article 51A(c) — This clause directly states the duty "to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India."
The question asks for the best understanding of national integration as a psychological and educational process. We need to identify the core objective of this process among the given options.
Correct Option: B) Nationhood and shared identity among diverse groups — National integration is fundamentally about fostering a sense of common belonging, shared purpose, and collective identity among people from various backgrounds within a nation. This is achieved through psychological and educational efforts that emphasize unity in diversity.
The question asks to identify the tendencies that arise from the absence or weakening of national integration. National integration refers to the process of bringing together diverse groups within a country into a common national identity. When this process fails or weakens, it leads to fragmentation and conflict.
Correct Option: D) Separatism and communalism
The question asks about the purpose of having a common constitutional framework, shared national symbols, and a sense of shared history. These elements are fundamental to fostering unity and cohesion within a diverse nation. We need to identify the term that best describes this objective.
Correct Option: A) National integration is the process of unifying diverse groups within a country, fostering a sense of common identity and purpose. The elements mentioned – a common constitution, shared national symbols, and a shared history – are all designed to achieve this very goal by providing a common legal basis, emotional connection, and collective narrative for all citizens.
The question asks what the constitutional provisions for a common electoral roll and universal adult franchise, irrespective of religion, caste, or gender, signify. We need to analyze each option to determine which one best reflects these principles.
B) National unity and integration — The provision for a common electoral roll ensures that all citizens, regardless of their background, are part of a single electorate, preventing divisive separate electorates. Universal adult franchise grants equal voting rights to all adults, irrespective of religion, caste, or gender. Both these principles are fundamental to fostering a sense of shared identity, equality, and collective participation in the democratic process, which are crucial for building and maintaining national unity and integration.