India is home to lakhs of persons with disabilities.
What are the benefits available to them under the law ?
1. Free schooling till the age of 18 years in government -run schools.
2. Preferential allotment of land for setting up business.
3. Ramps in public buildings.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?
UPSC - 2011
The question asks about the benefits available to persons with disabilities under Indian law. We need to evaluate each given statement based on relevant legislation, primarily the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995, and its successor, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995, specifically Section 30, mandated that appropriate governments and local authorities should ensure that every child with a disability has access to free education in an appropriate environment till he attains the age of eighteen years. This provision was further strengthened by the Right to Education Act, 2009, which extends free and compulsory education to all children between 6 and 14 years, and for children with disabilities, it extends up to 18 years. Thus, statement 1 is correct.
The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995, in Chapter VII (Affirmative Action), Section 43, states that appropriate governments and local authorities shall by notification make schemes for preferential allotment of land at concessional rates to persons with disabilities for various purposes, including setting up business. This provision aims to promote economic empowerment. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995, in Chapter VIII (Non-Discrimination), Section 46, mandates that the appropriate governments and local authorities shall, within the limits of their economic capacity and development, provide for ramps in public buildings, adaptation of toilets for wheelchair users, and other necessary facilities to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities. This is a fundamental aspect of creating an accessible environment. Thus, statement 3 is correct.
Since all three statements are correct, the option that includes 1, 2, and 3 is the right answer.
Correct Option: D) 1, 2 and 3
The question asks about the objectives behind the Government of India's promotion of "Mega Food Parks". We need to evaluate each given statement to determine if it aligns with the goals of this initiative.
The Mega Food Park Scheme is designed to create a strong infrastructure base for the food processing sector. This includes facilities like collection centers, primary processing centers, cold storage, packaging units, and common processing facilities. Therefore, providing good infrastructure is a primary objective.
A significant challenge in India's agricultural sector is the high post-harvest losses, especially for perishable items like fruits and vegetables. By establishing food parks with integrated processing facilities, the scheme aims to add value to agricultural produce, increase processing levels, and thereby reduce wastage. This is a core objective.
Mega Food Parks are intended to be hubs for modern food processing. They encourage the adoption of advanced, efficient, and environmentally sustainable technologies to improve product quality, reduce environmental impact, and enhance competitiveness. Providing access to such technologies for entrepreneurs operating within these parks is indeed a goal.
Since all three statements accurately describe the purposes of the Mega Food Park scheme, the correct option includes all of them.
Correct Option: D) 1,2 and 3
A company marketing food products advertises that its items do not contain trans-fats. What does this campaign signify to the customers?
1. The food products are not made out of hydrogenated oils.
2. The food products are not made out of animal fats/oils.
3. The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
UPSC - 2011
The question asks what a company's advertising campaign about its food products not containing trans-fats signifies to customers. We need to evaluate each given statement based on the definition and implications of trans-fats.
C) 1 and 3 only. This option correctly identifies that a trans-fat-free claim means the products are not made from hydrogenated oils and that the oils used are not likely to damage cardiovascular health.
The question asks why Aspartame, despite providing calories, is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent. This requires understanding the properties of artificial sweeteners compared to regular sugar.
D) Aspartame is several times sweeter than table sugar hence food items made with small quantities of aspartame yield fewer calories on oxidation. This option correctly identifies that aspartame's high sweetness intensity allows for its use in very small quantities, thereby reducing the overall caloric content of the food item, even though aspartame itself provides calories.
The question asks to identify the correct statements about Graphene. We need to evaluate each statement individually based on the known properties and applications of Graphene.
Correct Option: C) Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
The question asks to identify the correct statements regarding stem cells. We need to evaluate each statement individually based on current scientific understanding of stem cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide to produce more stem cells. While mammals are a significant source of stem cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells), stem cells are not exclusive to mammals. They are found in various multicellular organisms, including plants (e.g., meristematic cells) and other animals (e.g., planarians, insects). Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Stem cells can be differentiated into various specialized cell types (e.g., heart cells, liver cells, neurons) in a laboratory setting. These differentiated cells can then be used to create in vitro models of human tissues and organs. These models are invaluable for testing the efficacy and toxicity of new drugs before human trials, thereby making drug screening more efficient and ethical. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Stem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medicine, involves using stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. Examples include bone marrow transplants for leukemia and other blood disorders, and ongoing research into using stem cells for treating conditions like Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Based on the evaluation, statements 2 and 3 are correct, while statement 1 is incorrect.
Correct Option: B) 2 and 3 only