The question asks for India's per capita Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission in 2010. This is a factual recall question related to environmental statistics, often covered in competitive exams. The value is a specific data point from international reports or national inventories.
Correct Option: A) 1.56 tCO₂
India's per capita GHG emission in 2010 was approximately 1.56 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent. This figure is significantly lower than that of many developed nations and even the global average, reflecting India's stage of development at that time.
The question asks about the prime contributor to India's emissions in 2010. This requires knowledge of the sectoral distribution of greenhouse gas emissions in India during that period. Emissions data for countries are typically categorized into sectors like Energy, Agriculture, Industrial Processes, and Waste.
B) Energy — The energy sector, encompassing electricity generation, transportation, and industrial fuel consumption, has historically been and continues to be the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in India. This was certainly true in 2010 due to the country's reliance on fossil fuels for its rapidly growing energy demands.
The question asks to identify the correct statements regarding the 'Forest Carbon Partnership Facility' (FCPF). We need to evaluate each statement based on the known objectives and structure of the FCPF.
C) 1 and 3 only. Statements 1 and 3 accurately describe the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. Statement 1 correctly identifies it as a global partnership involving various stakeholders. Statement 3 correctly states its role in assisting countries with their REDD+ efforts through financial and technical aid.
To determine the percentage of India's 2010 emissions offset by carbon sink action, we need to know the total emissions and the amount offset by carbon sinks for that year. This question requires specific factual knowledge about India's emissions data for 2010.
Correct Option: B) 12%
The question asks about the authority responsible for initiating the process of determining forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, commonly known as the Forest Rights Act (FRA). This requires knowledge of the specific provisions of the FRA regarding the roles of different bodies in the recognition of forest rights.
Correct Option: D) Gram Sabha
The question asks about India's primary focus in its climate change response strategy. Climate change responses generally involve two main approaches: mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions) and adaptation (adjusting to the actual or expected future climate). India, as a developing country highly vulnerable to climate impacts, adopts a comprehensive strategy.
Correct Option: C) Adaptation with focus on mitigation
This option accurately reflects India's dual strategy. India faces significant climate vulnerabilities, making adaptation a critical and immediate need. Simultaneously, as a major economy and emitter, it is also committed to substantial mitigation efforts to reduce its carbon footprint and contribute to global climate goals. The phrase "adaptation with focus on mitigation" implies that while adaptation is essential for survival and resilience, mitigation is also a strong and growing area of focus to address the root cause of climate change.