The question asks for the year in which India adopted the National Policy for Wildlife Conservation. We need to identify the year and distinguish this policy from the Wildlife (Protection) Act and the National Wildlife Action Plan.
Identify the National Policy for Wildlife Conservation:
The National Policy for Wildlife Conservation was adopted in India in 1970. It was formulated through the Indian Board for Wildlife to address the declining population of wild animals and the destruction of their natural habitats.
Understand the objectives of the policy:
Distinguish the policy from other wildlife conservation initiatives:
These initiatives contributed to strengthening wildlife protection in India.
Identify the correct year:
The National Policy for Wildlife Conservation was adopted in 1970.
Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.
Correct Option: A) 1970 — India adopted the National Policy for Wildlife Conservation in 1970 through the Indian Board for Wildlife. The policy provided an important foundation for wildlife protection, habitat conservation and subsequent legislative measures. Hence, Option A is the correct answer.
B) 1972: This is incorrect because 1972 marks the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, not the adoption of the National Policy for Wildlife Conservation.
C) 1971: This is incorrect because the National Policy for Wildlife Conservation was adopted in 1970, not 1971.
D) 1975: This is incorrect because the policy had already been adopted in 1970.
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT an in-situ method of conservation of flora. In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings.
Correct Option: B) Botanical Garden
The question asks to identify which of the given protected areas are declared Tiger Reserves. To answer this, one needs to recall the list of prominent Tiger Reserves in India.
Based on this information, Bandipur, Manas, and Sundarbans are declared Tiger Reserves, while Baitarani is not.
Correct Option: B) 1, 3 and 4 only
The question asks about the act that initiated significant growth in India's protected area network. This requires knowledge of key environmental legislation in India and their primary objectives and impacts.
Correct Option: C) Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
This Act provided the legal framework for the declaration and management of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, which are the cornerstones of India's protected area network. Its implementation led to a rapid expansion of these areas across the country.
The question asks to identify the specific project launched for tiger conservation in India. This requires knowledge of major wildlife conservation initiatives in India.
Correct Option: A) Project Tiger
Project Tiger is a landmark wildlife conservation program launched in India on April 1, 1973. Its primary objective is to ensure a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats, protect them from extinction, and preserve areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible to their natural state. It is one of the most successful conservation initiatives globally.
The question asks to identify the category of protected areas in India where local people are strictly prohibited from collecting and using biomass. This requires understanding the different levels of protection and permitted activities within various types of protected areas in India.
B) National Parks: In National Parks, the collection and use of biomass by local people are generally not allowed. These areas are established for the absolute protection of wildlife and their habitats, with minimal human interference. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, strictly regulates activities within National Parks, prohibiting any form of exploitation of forest produce, including biomass, by local communities.