The question asks about the conditions for acquiring Indian citizenship by descent for individuals born outside India after December 3, 2004. This requires knowledge of the Citizenship Act, 1955, and its subsequent amendments.
Correct Option: D) Registration at Indian consulate within one year or permission from Central Government
This option accurately reflects the legal requirement for acquiring Indian citizenship by descent for those born outside India after December 3, 2004. The birth must be registered at an Indian consulate within one year of birth, or with the permission of the Central Government if the one-year period has elapsed. A declaration that the child does not hold another country's passport is also mandatory.
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT a ground for deprivation of Indian citizenship. This requires knowledge of the provisions related to the termination of Indian citizenship as outlined in the Citizenship Act, 1955.
While being convicted of a crime in a foreign country might have other legal consequences, it is not explicitly listed as a ground for the deprivation of Indian citizenship under the Citizenship Act, 1955. The Act focuses on actions that demonstrate disloyalty, fraud, or prolonged absence, rather than criminal convictions abroad per se, unless it involves specific acts like unlawful trading with an enemy during war.
The question asks for the fundamental principle underlying the Cabinet form of Government. This requires understanding the core characteristics and responsibilities associated with a parliamentary system, particularly in the context of collective responsibility.
C) A mechanism of parliamentary democracy for ensuring collective responsibility of the Government to the people. This option correctly identifies collective responsibility as the underlying principle of the Cabinet form of government. In a parliamentary democracy, the Council of Ministers (Cabinet) is collectively responsible to the Lower House of the Parliament (e.g., Lok Sabha in India). This means that all ministers stand or fall together, and their policies and actions are subject to parliamentary scrutiny and approval, thereby ensuring accountability to the people.
The question asks about the specific legislation that incorporated provisions related to the citizenship of individuals covered by the Assam Accord. To answer this, one needs to recall the historical context of the Assam Accord and the subsequent amendments to the Citizenship Act.
B) Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 1985 — This Act was specifically passed to implement the citizenship provisions of the Assam Accord. It inserted Section 6A into the Citizenship Act, 1955, which defines who would be considered a citizen based on the cut-off dates specified in the Accord (January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971).
The question asks about the specific constitutional provision used to define "permanent residents" of Jammu and Kashmir before its abrogation in 2019. This requires knowledge of the special status granted to J&K and the articles associated with it.
B) Article 35-A — This article, introduced through a Presidential Order in 1954 under Article 370, specifically empowered the Jammu and Kashmir legislature to define "permanent residents" of the state and grant them special rights and privileges. It was the legal basis for defining who was considered a permanent resident before its abrogation in 2019.
The question asks to identify the Indian constitutional article that prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. This falls under the Fundamental Rights section of the Indian Constitution, specifically dealing with the Right to Equality. We need to recall the specific provisions of each article mentioned in the options.
Correct Option: B) Article 15 explicitly prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. This directly addresses the conditions mentioned in the question.