The question asks for the year in which the Arms Act, which prohibited Indians from possessing arms, was passed. This requires knowledge of specific historical legislative acts during British rule in India.
Correct Option: C) 1878. The Arms Act, disallowing Indians from possessing arms without a license, was passed in 1878 during the viceroyalty of Lord Lytton. This act was discriminatory as it exempted Europeans and Anglo-Indians.
The question asks about the primary objective behind the enactment of the Vernacular Press Act of 1878. To answer this, one must recall the historical context and the specific provisions of the Act.
C) Silence newspapers critical of the government. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was a draconian measure aimed at curbing the freedom of the press, specifically targeting Indian language newspapers that were publishing articles critical of the British government's policies, especially after the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the famine of 1876-77.
The question asks about the core issue behind the Ilbert Bill controversy of 1883. To answer this, one needs to recall the historical context and the specific provisions of the Ilbert Bill.
Correct Option: A) Trial of British/European persons by Indian judges
The Ilbert Bill was introduced to allow Indian judges to try European subjects in criminal cases, thereby removing a racial discrimination in the judicial system. This move was met with fierce opposition from the European community, leading to the famous Ilbert Bill controversy.
The question asks for the founding year of the Indian National Congress (INC). This is a direct factual question from modern Indian history. Recall key dates related to the formation of major political organizations in India.
Correct Option: C) 1885 — The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume and other Indian leaders, holding its first session in Bombay.
The question asks to identify the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC). This requires knowledge of the historical figures associated with the establishment of the INC.
Correct Option: D) Allan Octavian Hume was a retired British Indian Civil Service officer who played a crucial role in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He is widely regarded as its founder.
The question asks to identify the first President of the Indian National Congress (INC). This requires knowledge of the history of the INC and its founding members and leaders.
Correct Option: D) Womesh Chandra Banerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress, presiding over its inaugural session in 1885.