The question asks about the location of the first session of the Indian National Congress (INC). This is a factual question from Indian history, specifically related to the establishment and early activities of a key political organization during the British Raj.
C) Bombay is the correct answer. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) from December 28 to December 31, 1885, at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Pathshala.
The question asks to identify the Viceroy of India at the time of the Indian National Congress's (INC) foundation. This requires knowledge of the INC's founding year and the Viceroys serving during that period.
Correct Option: D) Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888. The Indian National Congress was founded in December 1885, making Lord Dufferin the Viceroy at that time.
The question asks to identify the book by Dadabhai Naoroji that critically analyzed the economic impact of British rule in India. This requires knowledge of prominent Indian nationalist literature and their authors.
Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the 'Grand Old Man of India', was a key figure in the early Indian nationalist movement. He is most famous for his 'Drain of Wealth' theory, which argued that British rule was systematically draining India's resources and wealth to Britain, leading to India's impoverishment. He meticulously documented this economic exploitation in his seminal work.
His most influential book, which detailed this economic critique and coined the term 'un-British' rule to describe the unjust nature of British administration in India, is titled Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.
A) Poverty and Un-British Rule in India is the correct answer. This book, published in 1901, systematically presented Dadabhai Naoroji's 'Drain of Wealth' theory, arguing how British colonial policies led to India's economic exploitation and poverty. It was a scathing critique of the economic impact of British rule.
The question asks about Dadabhai Naoroji's political affiliation when he was elected to the British Parliament. This requires knowledge of his historical political career in Britain.
B) The Liberal Party (Finsbury Central) is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji was elected to the British Parliament in 1892 as a member of the Liberal Party, representing the constituency of Finsbury Central.
The question asks why the early leaders of the Indian National Congress (1885-1905) were called 'Moderates'. This requires understanding their methods and objectives during that period.
Correct Option: D) Placed demands through petitions and worked within the law. This accurately describes the methods employed by the early Congress leaders, which earned them the label 'Moderates'. They believed in constitutional means and gradual reforms, expressing their grievances and demands through petitions, resolutions, and appeals to the British government and public.
The question asks to identify which of the given options was NOT a demand of the Moderates during the Indian freedom struggle. Understanding the core ideology and demands of the Moderates is crucial to answer this question.
C) Complete independence from British rule — The Moderates sought self-government within the British Empire and believed in constitutional methods to achieve their goals. The demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj) was a later development, championed by the Extremists and subsequently adopted as the goal of the Indian National Congress under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership.