The question asks about the appointing authority for High Court judges in India. This is a direct question related to the Indian Constitution and the structure of the judiciary. Understanding the roles of various constitutional functionaries in judicial appointments is key.
Correct Option: C) The President of India is the authority responsible for appointing the judges of a High Court, as per Article 217(1) of the Indian Constitution. This appointment is made after a detailed consultation process involving the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the state, and the Chief Justice of the concerned High Court (for judges other than the Chief Justice).
The question asks for the specific legal term for courts that preserve their decisions as permanent records. This is a definitional question related to the characteristics of certain judicial bodies.
Correct Option: C) Courts of Record
A Court of Record is a court whose acts and judicial proceedings are enrolled for perpetual memory and testimony. These records are of such high authority that their truth is not to be questioned in any court. The Supreme Court and High Courts in India are examples of Courts of Record, as their judgments are preserved, published, and serve as precedents for lower courts.
The question asks about the constitutional provision for establishing a common High Court for two or more states. We need to identify the specific Article in the Indian Constitution that deals with this subject.
Correct Option: B) Article 231 provides for the establishment of a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union territory. This power is vested in the Parliament.
The question asks about the tenure of a High Court judge in India. This is a factual question based on the provisions of the Indian Constitution. Understanding the age limits for judges in different courts is crucial for competitive exams.
Correct Option: C) Till the age of 62
A judge of a High Court holds office until they attain the age of 62 years. This is explicitly mentioned in Article 217(1) of the Indian Constitution. There is no fixed term of years for their tenure; rather, it is determined by their age of retirement.
The question asks about the authority responsible for initiating the removal process of a High Court judge in India. This involves understanding the constitutional provisions related to the impeachment-like procedure for judges.
B) Parliament — The process for removing a High Court judge is initiated by members of Parliament through a motion signed by a specified number of members in either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. This is in accordance with the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968, which operationalizes the constitutional provisions for judicial removal.
The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT a writ issued by High Courts under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution. Understanding the types of writs and their constitutional basis is key to answering this question.
D) Injunction is not one of the five prerogative writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto) that High Courts are specifically empowered to issue under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution. While High Courts can issue injunctions, they do so under their general civil jurisdiction or specific statutory powers, not as a constitutional writ under Article 226.