The question asks to identify the specific Supreme Court case that declared the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act unconstitutional, thereby reinstating the Collegium system for judicial appointments. This involves understanding the history of judicial appointments in India, particularly the various 'Judges Cases'.
D) Fourth Judges Case — This refers to the Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India case (2015), which struck down the NJAC Act and the 99th Constitutional Amendment, thereby restoring the Collegium system. It is colloquially known as the 'Fourth Judges Case'.
The question asks about the procedure for a High Court judge assuming office, specifically regarding the oath. This falls under the constitutional provisions related to the judiciary in India.
Therefore, a High Court judge takes the oath before the Governor of the state.
C) Oath before Governor — As per Article 219 of the Indian Constitution, a High Court judge is required to make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the Governor of the State, or some person appointed by him for that purpose, before assuming office.
The question asks about the revised salary of a High Court judge in 2018. This is a factual question related to the emoluments of constitutional functionaries in India. Aspirants need to recall the specific figures for judicial salaries as updated by the government.
B) ₹2.25 lakh is the correct revised monthly salary for a High Court judge as per the 2018 amendment.
UPSC - 2013
The question asks about the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) and its functions. We need to evaluate two statements regarding its objectives and roles. This requires knowledge of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, which established NALSA.
Correct Option: C) Both 1 and 2
The question asks to identify the Article of the Indian Constitution that deals with the transfer of judges from one High Court to another. We need to recall the specific provisions related to the High Courts and their judges.
A) Article 222
Article 222 of the Constitution of India explicitly provides for the transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another. It states: "The President may, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, transfer a Judge from one High Court to any other High Court." This directly answers the question.
B) Article 224 — Article 224 deals with the appointment of additional and acting Judges of High Courts. It allows for the appointment of additional Judges for a temporary period to clear arrears of work or acting Judges when a permanent Judge is absent or unable to perform duties. It does not concern the transfer of judges.
C) Article 217 — Article 217 specifies the appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court. It lays down the qualifications for appointment as a High Court Judge and the procedure for their appointment by the President. It does not deal with transfers.
D) Article 230 — Article 230 relates to the extension of the jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories and the exclusion of the jurisdiction of a High Court from any Union territory. It is about the territorial jurisdiction of High Courts, not the transfer of judges.
The question asks about the circumstances under which an Acting Chief Justice can be appointed. This relates to the provisions in the Indian Constitution concerning the judiciary, specifically the High Courts and the Supreme Court.
B) When Chief Justice is on leave
Article 223 of the Indian Constitution (and Article 126 for the Supreme Court) explicitly provides for the appointment of an Acting Chief Justice when the office of Chief Justice is vacant or when the Chief Justice is unable to perform the duties of their office due to absence, leave, or any other reason. Therefore, if the Chief Justice is on leave, an Acting Chief Justice can be appointed.