The question asks to identify which of the given options is NOT an objective of the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, 1996. To answer this, we need to recall the core objectives and provisions of the PESA Act.
Correct Option: C) To create autonomous regions
The question asks about the specific type of socialism promoted by the Indian Constitution. To answer this, one needs to understand the core tenets of socialism as adopted in India and differentiate it from other forms of socialist thought.
C) Democratic socialism — The Indian Constitution promotes democratic socialism. This means it aims to achieve socialist goals (like ending poverty, inequality, and providing social justice) through democratic means, without abolishing private property or establishing a totalitarian regime. It envisages a mixed economy where both public and private sectors coexist and contribute to the nation's development, with a strong emphasis on welfare and social equity.
The question asks to identify which type of liberty is NOT mentioned in the Preamble to the Constitution of India. To answer this, we need to recall the exact wording of the Preamble regarding liberties.
Correct Option: B) Economic liberty
The Preamble explicitly mentions "LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship." It does not mention "economic liberty." While the Preamble does aim for "JUSTICE, social, economic and political," justice is distinct from liberty. The term 'economic liberty' is not used in the context of liberties granted in the Preamble.
The question asks to identify the article in the Indian Constitution that guarantees 'equality before the law'. This requires knowledge of the fundamental rights, specifically those related to equality, enshrined in Part III of the Constitution.
Correct Option: C) Article 14 guarantees "equality before the law" and "equal protection of the laws" to all persons within the territory of India. This is a cornerstone of the Right to Equality.
The question asks to identify the landmark Supreme Court case that affirmed the Preamble as an integral part of the Indian Constitution. This requires knowledge of significant constitutional law judgments.
Correct Option: C) Kesavananda Bharati case
The Supreme Court, in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala case (1973), explicitly held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution. This judgment also introduced the 'Basic Structure Doctrine', stating that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure, which includes the ideals enshrined in the Preamble.
This question pertains to the division of taxation powers between the Central and State Governments in India, as outlined in the Indian Constitution. Understanding the nature of sales tax (before GST) and its legislative authority is key.
Correct Option: D) Tax imposed and collected by the State Government.