The question asks for the year in which the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, took place. This is a factual recall question related to significant international environmental conferences.
Correct Option: B) 1992
The question asks for the key message of the Brundtland Report, "Our Common Future". To answer this, we need to recall the core principles and conclusions presented in this influential report, particularly its definition of sustainable development.
Correct Option: C) Traditional economic growth is unsustainable. This option accurately reflects the core message of the Brundtland Report, which critically examined existing development models and advocated for a paradigm shift towards sustainable development, recognizing that unchecked economic growth often comes at the cost of environmental degradation and future generations' well-being.
The question asks about a key principle established at the Rio Summit (Earth Summit) in 1992, which is fundamental to international environmental law. We need to identify the principle that acknowledges different capacities and historical responsibilities among nations in addressing global environmental issues.
D) Common but Differentiated Responsibilities — This principle, enshrined in Principle 7 of the Rio Declaration, acknowledges that all states have a common responsibility to protect the environment, but their capacities and historical contributions to environmental degradation differ. Developed countries, due to their historical emissions and greater resources, should take the lead in addressing global environmental challenges.
The question asks to identify which gas is NOT listed as a greenhouse gas under the Kyoto Protocol. To answer this, one needs to recall the list of greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol.
Correct Option: C) Hydrogen is not part of the Kyoto Protocol's list of greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol specifically targets six main greenhouse gases or groups of gases, and hydrogen is not among them.
The question asks us to evaluate two statements regarding bio-toilets used by Indian Railways. We need to determine the accuracy of each statement based on the known working principles of bio-toilets.
Since both statements are incorrect, the correct option is D.
Correct Option: D) Neither 1 nor 2
The question asks to identify which of the given options is considered part of the 'global commons'. Understanding the definition of 'global commons' is key to answering this question.
Correct Option: C) Earth's Atmosphere is a classic example of a global common, as it is a shared resource that no single nation can claim ownership of, requiring international cooperation for its management.