The question asks to identify which country among the given options has NOT made territorial claims in Antarctica. This requires knowledge of the history of Antarctic territorial claims.
India has a significant presence in Antarctica with research stations (e.g., Maitri, Bharati) and conducts scientific research under the Antarctic Treaty System. However, India has never made any territorial claims in Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty, to which India is a signatory, effectively freezes all territorial claims and promotes scientific cooperation.
The question asks about the traditional association of sacred groves in India. Sacred groves are well-known ecological and cultural sites in India. Understanding their primary purpose and traditional significance is key to answering this question.
Correct Option: C) Deity worship and biodiversity conservation
Sacred groves are traditionally protected forest patches that hold significant religious importance for local communities, often dedicated to deities or spirits. This religious reverence has historically led to their protection from human interference, thereby conserving the rich biodiversity within them. They are living examples of in-situ conservation practices rooted in cultural beliefs.
The question asks to identify the Indian act that promotes the use of renewable energy. We need to examine the primary objectives of each given act to determine which one aligns with renewable energy promotion.
Based on this analysis, the Electricity Act of 2003 is the most relevant act that specifically encourages the use of renewable energy.
Correct Option: C) The Electricity Act of 2003 is instrumental in promoting renewable energy in India. It includes provisions for mandating the purchase of electricity from renewable sources (Renewable Purchase Obligations - RPOs) and facilitating grid connectivity for renewable energy projects, thereby directly encouraging the growth and use of renewable energy.
The question asks for the year in which India ratified the Paris Climate Agreement. This is a factual question related to international environmental agreements and India's role in them. To answer correctly, one needs to recall the specific year of India's ratification.
Correct Option: B) 2016
The question asks about the primary context in which "Membrane Bioreactors" are discussed. To answer this, one needs to understand the fundamental application of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology.
D) Wastewater treatment technologies — Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) integrate biological treatment with membrane filtration, making them a highly efficient and advanced technology for treating municipal and industrial wastewater. They are known for producing high-quality effluent, enabling water reuse, and requiring a smaller footprint than conventional treatment plants.
The question asks to identify the movement known for opposing dam construction in India. We need to recall major environmental movements in India and their primary focus.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a well-known social movement that originated in India in the 1980s. Its primary objective was to protest against the construction of large dams across the Narmada River, particularly the Sardar Sarovar Dam. The movement raised concerns about the displacement of local communities, environmental degradation, and the economic viability of such large-scale projects.
Correct Option: C) Narmada Bachao Andolan is specifically known for its opposition to the construction of large dams, particularly on the Narmada River.