The question asks to identify which sector is NOT typically included in India's core infrastructure sectors. Core infrastructure sectors, often referred to as 'core industries' or 'infrastructure industries', are fundamental to the economy and have a significant impact on other sectors. We need to evaluate each option against this definition.
Correct Option: B) Tourism is not typically included in the core infrastructure sectors in India. The core sectors are Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Refinery Products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement, and Electricity.
The question asks for the specific year when the East India Company acquired Madrasapatnam, which is now Chennai. This requires knowledge of key historical dates related to the British East India Company's establishment and expansion in India.
In 1639, Francis Day, an agent for the East India Company, obtained a grant for the village of Madrasapatnam from Damarla Venkatadri Nayaka, a local Nayak ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire. This acquisition was crucial as it led to the construction of Fort St. George, which became a major British settlement and trading post, eventually growing into the modern city of Chennai.
The question asks to identify a service that is jointly controlled by both the Union (Central) and State Governments. This points to the concept of All India Services in the Indian administrative structure.
D) Indian Administrative Service — The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is one of the All India Services. Officers of the IAS are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and are allocated to different State cadres. While serving in a State, they are under the administrative control of the State Government, but the ultimate control, including matters of recruitment, training, and disciplinary action, rests with the Union Government. This dual control makes it a service jointly controlled by both the Union and State Governments.
The question asks to identify the missile defence system, named Sudarshan Chakra, used by India to intercept drones and missiles during a hypothetical scenario in May 2025. This requires knowledge of India's current and upcoming missile defence systems and their common names or designations.
Correct Option: C) S-400 systems. The S-400 Triumf is a highly advanced long-range surface-to-air missile system acquired by India from Russia. It is capable of tracking and intercepting a wide range of aerial targets, including aircraft, drones, and ballistic and cruise missiles, at various altitudes and ranges. The Indian Air Force has reportedly given it the operational name "Sudarshan Chakra."
The question asks for a copper-based alloy suitable for standard resistors, characterized by high resistivity and a low temperature coefficient. This requires knowledge of the properties of common resistor materials.
B) Manganin
The question asks about the primary nature of India's economy at the time of its independence in 1947. To answer this, we need to recall the economic structure of India under British colonial rule and its immediate aftermath.
Therefore, India's economy at independence was overwhelmingly agricultural.
Correct Option: B) agricultural. At the time of independence, over 70% of India's population was dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, and it contributed the largest share to the national income. The British colonial rule had deliberately kept India's industrial sector underdeveloped, focusing instead on extracting raw materials and selling finished goods.
The question asks to identify the scientists who first proposed the double-helix model for DNA structure. This is a direct knowledge-based question related to a fundamental discovery in molecular biology.
Correct Option: C) Watson and Crick — James Watson and Francis Crick are widely recognized for their groundbreaking work in determining the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953. Their model, published in Nature, revolutionized biology and earned them a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, shared with Maurice Wilkins.
The question asks to identify the geographical feature located to the west of the Deccan Plateau. To answer this, one needs to have a clear understanding of the geographical location of the Deccan Plateau and the surrounding mountain ranges and hills in India.
Correct Option: B) Western Ghats — The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, forming the western edge of the Deccan Plateau.
The question asks about the projected rise in Earth's average temperature above pre-industrial levels, according to the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (2025-2029). This requires knowledge of recent climate reports and their key findings.
Correct Option: B) 1.2°C to 1.9°C
The WMO's Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (2025-2029) indeed projects that the Earth's average temperature will rise by approximately 1.2°C to 1.9°C above pre-industrial levels during this period. This range reflects the high probability of continued warming and the increasing likelihood of temporarily exceeding the 1.5°C Paris Agreement limit.
The question asks about the primary focus of India's Second Five Year Plan. To answer this, one needs to recall the historical context and economic strategies adopted during that period in India's planning history.
Correct Option: A) The Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961) was famously known for its emphasis on rapid industrialisation, particularly the development of heavy industries. This strategy was based on the Mahalanobis model, which aimed at achieving self-reliance and long-term economic growth by building a strong industrial base.