The question asks to identify the Indian geographical area where Kumaoni is a widely spoken language. This requires knowledge of the linguistic geography of India, specifically the distribution of regional languages.
Correct Option: C) Uttarakhand — Kumaoni is a major regional language spoken by a significant portion of the population in the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand, which includes districts like Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar.
The question asks to identify the scientist credited with the discovery of the atomic nucleus through the gold foil experiment. This is a fundamental concept in atomic structure and history of physics.
Correct Option: B) Ernest Rutherford is widely credited with the discovery of the atomic nucleus through his famous gold foil experiment (also known as the Rutherford scattering experiment) in 1911. His model proposed that an atom consists of a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus, around which electrons revolve.
Which of the following chemical reactions does NOT represent a balanced equation?
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
4Fe + 3H2O → Fe3O4 + 2H2
Fe + H2O → FeO + H2
2Fe + 3H2O → Fe2O3 + 3H2
A balanced chemical equation adheres to the Law of Conservation of Mass, meaning the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side must be equal to the number of atoms of the same element on the product side. We will check each given reaction for this balance.
Correct Option: B) The equation \(4\text{Fe} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \to \text{Fe}_3\text{O}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\) is not balanced because the number of atoms for Fe, H, and O are not equal on both sides of the reaction.
The question asks to identify the joint military exercise between India and the United States in 2025 that focuses on amphibious warfare and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR). We need to recall the specific objectives and nature of the various bilateral exercises conducted between these two countries.
Correct Option: C) Exercise Tiger Triumph is the tri-service (Army, Navy, Air Force) amphibious HADR exercise between India and the United States. It specifically focuses on enhancing interoperability in amphibious operations and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions.
The question asks to identify the mineral known as 'Brown Gold' in India. This is a factual question related to the common names of minerals found in India. We need to recall the characteristics and common terminologies associated with the given options.
Correct Option: D) Lignite is often referred to as 'Brown Gold' due to its brownish color and its economic importance as a fuel, particularly in states like Tamil Nadu (Neyveli Lignite Corporation) and Gujarat.
This question tests knowledge of recent economic projections from international financial institutions. Specifically, it asks about India's projected economic growth rate for 2025 according to the IMF's World Economic Outlook (WEO) released in April 2025. To answer this, one needs to recall the figures published in that specific report.
Correct Option: A) 6.2%
The question asks to identify the central service with the highest prestige, pay, and emoluments among the given options. This requires knowledge of the general perception and benefits associated with various central services in India, particularly those recruited through the UPSC Civil Services Examination.
A) Indian Foreign Service — The Indian Foreign Service (IFS) is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious central services in India. Its officers represent India on the global stage, serving in embassies, consulates, and international organizations. This role inherently brings high prestige, significant international exposure, and often includes attractive emoluments and allowances associated with foreign postings, which are generally higher than those offered in domestic services.
The question asks about the composition of the Parliament of India as per Article 79 of the Indian Constitution. To answer this, we need to recall the specific provisions of Article 79.
Correct Option: C) President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha
Article 79 of the Indian Constitution clearly states: "There shall be a Parliament for the Union, which shall consist of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha)." This makes the President an integral part of the Parliament, even though the President is not a member of either House. The President's assent is essential for a bill to become an Act.
The question asks about the introduction of the Ain-i-Dahsala system during the Mughal period. This system was a significant land revenue reform, and identifying its originator requires knowledge of key administrative changes during the reigns of prominent Mughal emperors.
C) Akbar — Emperor Akbar introduced the Ain-i-Dahsala system in 1580. This system was a significant land revenue reform developed by his finance minister, Raja Todar Mal. It aimed to standardize the land revenue assessment by taking into account the average produce and prices of crops over the previous ten years.
The question asks to identify the river on which the Tehri Dam is built. This requires knowledge of major dams and their associated rivers in India.
Correct Option: D) The Tehri Dam is constructed on the Bhagirathi River, near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. It is a major hydroelectric project and also provides irrigation and municipal water supply.