The question asks to identify the transportation system primarily developed in India to serve colonial economic interests. This requires understanding the historical context of infrastructure development during British rule in India.
Correct Option: C) Railways were extensively developed by the British in India primarily to serve their colonial economic interests, facilitating the movement of raw materials to ports and finished goods to markets, as well as for military control.
The question asks what the presence of precious jewellery in small towns during the Indus Valley Civilisation indicates about its society. We need to analyze the implications of such findings in the context of ancient civilizations.
C) there was strong social stratification — The presence of precious and semi-precious jewellery, even in small towns, indicates that certain individuals or groups within those towns had the wealth and status to acquire such luxury items. This implies a clear hierarchy and differentiation in society based on economic standing and access to resources, which is the definition of social stratification. While not everyone had access, some did, suggesting a tiered society.
The question asks about a specific experiment conducted by ISRO in 2025 involving seed germination in microgravity. To answer this, one needs to recall or identify the particular type of seed mentioned in news or official reports related to ISRO's space biology experiments.
C) Cowpea seeds. ISRO indeed sprouted cowpea seeds in space under microgravity conditions in 2025 as part of their ongoing research into space agriculture and the effects of microgravity on plant growth.
The question asks to identify the group of people believed to have migrated into India from Central Asia during the late Indus Valley era. This is a historical question related to ancient Indian history and the theories surrounding the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization and the origins of Vedic culture.
Correct Option: C) Aryans. The theory of Aryan migration from Central Asia into the Indian subcontinent is a significant historical hypothesis explaining the linguistic and cultural shifts observed after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization.
The question asks for the name of India's indigenous electric trainer aircraft initiative launched in March 2025, aimed at promoting green aviation. This requires knowledge of recent developments in India's aerospace sector, specifically regarding electric aircraft.
B) E-HANSA — E-HANSA is the correct name for India's indigenous electric trainer aircraft developed by CSIR-NAL, which aligns with the description of promoting green aviation.
The question asks for the year when the Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted. This is a factual question related to international environmental agreements and requires knowledge of key historical dates in climate policy.
D) 2015 — The Paris Agreement was adopted by world leaders during the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in December 2015.
The question asks to identify the joint military exercise conducted annually between India and Japan, specifically mentioning its sixth edition near Mount Fuji in 2025. This requires knowledge of various bilateral military exercises involving India.
The joint military exercise 'Dharma Guardian' is conducted annually between the Indian Army and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The fifth edition was held in 2024 in India, making the sixth edition in 2025 in Japan (near Mount Fuji) a logical progression. This exercise focuses on counter-terrorism operations, tactical drills, and enhancing interoperability.
D) Dharma Guardian — This is the annual joint military exercise between the armies of India and Japan. The details provided in the question align perfectly with the 'Dharma Guardian' series of exercises.
The question asks to identify the country where Christian Stocker serves as the Federal Chancellor as of 2025. This is a general knowledge question related to current international political leadership.
A) Austria. Christian Stocker is a prominent Austrian politician, currently serving as the Secretary General of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and a member of the Federal Council. While he is not the Federal Chancellor (that position is held by Karl Nehammer as of 2024 and projected for 2025), his political career is entirely within Austria. Therefore, if the question implies his nationality or the country where he holds a significant political role, Austria is the correct association.
The question asks to identify the Article of the Indian Constitution that provides protection in respect of conviction for offences, specifically mentioning protection from double jeopardy and self-incrimination. This requires knowledge of the Fundamental Rights, particularly Articles 20-22, which deal with protection against arbitrary arrest and detention and protection in respect of conviction for offences.
Correct Option: B) Article 20 is the correct answer as it directly covers protection in respect of conviction for offences, including safeguards against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
The question asks about the primary type of weathering involved in the enrichment of bauxite and other ores. We need to understand the different types of weathering and how they contribute to the formation and concentration of mineral deposits.
Correct Option: D) Chemical weathering is primarily involved in the enrichment of bauxite and other ores. This process selectively removes soluble components, leaving behind concentrated valuable minerals.