What major change was made by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002?
Increased the President's term
Abolished the Legislative Council
Declared education as a Fundamental Right
Bifurcated the SC/ST Commission
The question asks about a significant change introduced by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002. To answer this, one needs to recall the key provisions of this specific amendment.
C) Declared education as a Fundamental Right.
The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, made elementary education a Fundamental Right for children between 6 and 14 years of age. It inserted a new Article 21A into the Constitution, which states that "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine." This amendment also modified Article 45 (Directive Principles of State Policy) and Article 51A (Fundamental Duties).
The question asks about a specific Supreme Court ruling from May 2025 concerning the eligibility criteria for Civil Judge examinations, particularly the minimum legal practice required for law graduates. This requires knowledge of recent judicial pronouncements related to legal education and judicial services.
B) 3 years — The Supreme Court ruling in May 2025 mandated a minimum of three years of legal practice for law graduates to be eligible for Civil Judge examinations. This decision was aimed at enhancing the quality and practical experience of judicial officers.
The question asks for the definition of endemic species. We need to identify the option that accurately describes this ecological term.
Correct Option: B) Species found only in a particular area and nowhere else
Explanation: Endemic species are those that are unique to a defined geographic region, such as an island, a mountain range, a country, or even a specific habitat. They have evolved in that particular area and are naturally restricted to it. Their limited distribution makes them particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and other environmental changes.
This question tests the understanding of the basic concepts of static and kinetic friction. We need to recall the definitions and properties of these two types of friction.
Correct Option: D) Static friction opposes impending motion and kinetic friction opposes actual motion.
The question asks to identify the specific Article in the Indian Constitution that grants special provisions to the State of Nagaland. This requires knowledge of the special provisions granted to various states under Part XXI of the Constitution.
Correct Option: C) Article 371A provides special provisions for the State of Nagaland, safeguarding its unique cultural and social identity.
The question asks to identify the name of an initiative launched by IN-SPACe in April 2025. This initiative aims to invite private firms to develop modular satellite platforms for hosting multiple payloads, with the goal of reducing reliance on foreign satellite infrastructure. This requires knowledge of recent developments and initiatives in India's space sector.
C) Satellite Bus as a Service (SBaaS) is the correct name for the initiative launched by IN-SPACe in April 2025. This program is designed to encourage private sector development of modular satellite platforms to host multiple payloads, aligning perfectly with the description provided in the question.
The question asks about the unique position of Gyaneshwar (also spelled Dnyaneshwar) in Marathi literature, specifically in the context of his historical period (1275 A.D.). To answer this, we need to recall his primary contribution and role in the development of Marathi literature and religious thought.
A) the first and foremost Bhakti poet — Gyaneshwar (Dnyaneshwar) is considered one of the earliest and most significant figures of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. His magnum opus, the 'Dnyaneshwari', is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita written in Marathi, which made spiritual knowledge accessible to the masses and laid the foundation for Marathi devotional literature. He is revered as a pioneer of the Warkari tradition.
The question asks to identify the Indian state where the Karakattam (Karagattam) dance, characterized by balancing pitchers, is primarily prevalent. This requires knowledge of traditional Indian folk dances and their regional associations.
A) Tamil Nadu — Karakattam is a prominent folk dance of Tamil Nadu, particularly performed during temple festivals and cultural events, often in praise of the goddess Mariamman.
The question asks to identify the Indian AI startup that launched "Shuka 1.0", an open-source audio language model supporting 10 Indian languages, in August 2024. This requires knowledge of recent developments in the Indian AI ecosystem.
C) Sarvam AI is the correct answer. Sarvam AI, an Indian AI startup, launched Shuka 1.0 in August 2024. Shuka 1.0 is an open-source audio language model that supports 10 Indian languages, aiming to make AI more accessible and useful across India's diverse linguistic landscape.
This question tests knowledge of India's joint military exercises with other countries. Specifically, it asks to identify the country with which India conducts the 'Garuda Shakti' exercise, focusing on counter-terrorism cooperation.
Correct Option: D) Indonesia — 'Garuda Shakti' is a bilateral joint military exercise between the Indian Army and the Indonesian Special Forces. The exercise focuses on enhancing interoperability, sharing best practices, and strengthening cooperation in counter-terrorism operations and special forces tactics. The exercise is conducted periodically, with the latest editions emphasizing complex jungle warfare, urban warfare, and special operations.